Arshine Questions and Answers about Bacillus Licheniformis.docx . Circular form, entire margin. species were detected b cereus b mycoides and b licheniformis identification of bacillus species implication on the quality of . Ecologists are looking for signs of association between the plumage feathers and B. licheniformis activity. 2003 Apr;69(4):2321-9. Genome Biol. In the identification of bacteria and fungi much weight is placed on how the organism grows in or on media. Figure 1: Serratia marcescens morphology (Enlarged view). Further analysis of the same strains by deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization and API . FIG. Bacillus licheniformis is a nonpathogenic soil organism. (Tasha Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 58: An unknown airborne environmental isolate on Mueller-Hinton agar. Optimal growth of B. licheniformis occurs around 50C, but the organism can survive at much higher/lower temperatures for extended periods because it is spore-forming. In comparison to the mucoid phenotype, it contains an attenuated polysaccharide capsule. [5]. Partial isolate of an unknown organism on trypticase soy agar exhibiting spreading and an irregular-rhizoid form with lobate margins. FIG. Isolate of an unknown organism on trypticase soy agar exhibiting spreading and an irregular-rhizoid form with lobate margins. Colony morphology and size very variable between and within species. Septicaemia is blood poisoning, and is classified as having a large amount of bacteria in the blood. FIG. Death kinetics, in this case, involves the intensity of heat treatments and their correlation with the rate of death of a bacterium. Streak plate isolation of Serratia marcescens on trypticase soy agar (TSA) incubated at 37oC for 24 hours then at room temperature for 24 hours to allow for temperature-sensitive pigment production. The initial sample was obtained from a swab taken from the bottom of a shoe and incubated at 37 C for 48 hours. (4) Salkinoja-Salonen S., Vuorio R., Andersson M.A., Kmpfer P., Andersson M.C., Honkanen-Buzalski T., and Scoging A.C. (6) Veith, B., Herzberg, C., Steckel, S., Feesche, J., Maurer, K. H., Ehrenreich, P., Bumer, S., Henne, A., Liesegang, H., Merkl, R., Ehrenreich, A., Gottschalk, G. (2004). 31. Complete genome sequence of the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and comparisons with closely related Bacillus species. Serratia marcescens cultivated on trypticase soy agar. sparrows)and on the water (i.e. (5) Snoke J.E. A) lipase B) amylase C) gelatinase 43. Streptomyces albus cultivated on nutrient agar. Bacillus licheniformis is a bacterium commonly found in the soil. Bacillus aryabhattai strain B8W22 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial . It is believed that this bacterium is involved in the evolution of molting and patterns of color in birds due to its feather degrading capability. Isolated from soil, water, feces, urine, blood, sputum,wounds, pleural fluid, nematodes, and insects. (D. Barrie Johnson, University of Wales, UK), Figure 32: Thiomonas-like bacteria morphology (Enlarged view). Image 10: Growth of bacteria colony in nutrient broth. in LB agar after 24 h of isolation and incubation was large, round, creamy white, with a rough colony surface (Fig. The surface of B. licheniformis colonies are often rough and wrinkled, with "licheniform", or hair-like growths. (6) It tends to form spores in soil which makes it desirable to be used for the industrial purposes such as the production of enzymes, antibiotics, and small metabolites. Gram-positive bacilli are rod-shaped, spore-producing species that can survive in extremely harsh environments for long periods. The Molecular Biology of the Bacilli. 1 A). Bacillus myoides at 22. Colonies are described based on size, shape, texture, elevation, pigmentation, and effect on growth medium. Novozymes Biofungicide Green Releaf contains B. licheniformis strain SB3086 as an active main ingredient. Serratia marcescens cultivated on Columbia agar. milk pasteurization. Note the lemon-yellow colonies characteristic of this organism. The cell wall of Bacillus licheniformis is composed of mucopeptide, which is made up of linear chains of alternating amino sugars and short peptide chains of 3-5 amino acids. There have been reports of reproductive failure and mastitis caused by this bacterium in cattle, sheep and swine. (1) Pepe O., Blaiotta G., Moschetti G., Greco T., Villani F. Rope-producing strains of Bacillus spp. 11. Weakly irregular form. It is an aerobic, rod-shaped spore-forming microorganism that can spread in extreme cold, heat, and even disinfected environments. Bacillus licheniformis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium. FIG. and Cornell N. Protoplast Lysis and Inhibition of Growth of Bacillus licheniformis by Bacitracin. Practice all cards Practice all cards Practice all cards done loading. 3. Irregular form, lobate margin. The isolated colonies were counted and the number of bacteria expressed as Log of Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g of CSS. from wheat bread and strategy for their control by lactic acid bacteria. (2) Salkinoja-Salonen S., Vuorio R., Andersson M.A., Kmpfer P., Andersson M.C., Honkanen-Buzalski T., and Scoging A.C. Toxigenic Strains of Bacillus licheniformis Related to Food Poisoning.Appl Environ Microbiol. Circular form, entire margin. Pulvinate elevation. By observing the colony of bacteria, the identity of bacteria will be determined. FIG. Bacillus subtilis bacteriocins can affect a much wider range of potentially pathogenic bacteria than the bacteriocins of other, more commonly-used bacteria such as Lactobacillus. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 24: Bacillus subtilis morphology (Enlarged view). (2012). (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 15: Nocardia asteroides morphology (Enlarged view). It has a cell wall that is made of a complex. Required fields are marked *. B. licheniformis is part of the subtilis group along with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus. 19. [6][10] There is evidence that red feathers, with psittacofulvin, are more resistant to degradation. FIG. The ability to turn waste feathers into feed would reduce feed costs and decrease the need for pollutants currently used to degrade these feathers [3]. However, when paired with another bacteria called Pseudomonas aeruginosa both types of bacteria perform more efficiently. 50. Unknown isolate cultivated on trypticase soy agar. Bacillus subtilis, hay bacillus, or grass bacillus was one of the first Gram-positive bacteria to be studied. (Remco Kort, TNO, Netherlands), Figure 25: Bacillus subtilis morphology (Enlarged view). Notice thetypical ground glass appearance. Tamari G. Biology. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, andKyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 22: Bacillus anthracis morphology (Enlarged view). The culture was grown on trypticase soy agar (TSA) and incubated for 72 hours at 37oC. This bacterium can survive harsh environments by turning into spore-form; when conditions are good, it will turn back into a vegetative state. Irregular form, undulate margin. (3) Rey M.W., Ramaiya P., Nelson B.A., Brody-Karpin S.D., Zaretsky E.J., Tang M., Lopez de Leon A., Xiang H., Gusti V., Clausen I.G., Olsen P.B., Rasmussen M.D., Andersen J.T., Jorgensen P.L., Larsen T.S., Sorokin A., Bolotin A., Lapidus A., Galleron N., Ehrlich S.D., Berka R.M. Bacillus licheniformis has been found to cause infection in several cases of immunocompromised patients. Current research try to find the "death kinetics" (2) of these bacteria. FIG. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 46: Streak plate isolation of Mycobacterium smegmatis on trypticase soy agar. Ohmic heating has potential uses such as blanching, evaporation and pasteurization of food; it is a high temperature, short time, and a purely bulk heating method. Information on morphological and physiological properties Morphology [Ref. Core proteins were identified in draft genomes and a phylogenetic analysis based on single amino acid polymorphisms . : #22892] Gram stain: positive [Ref. Irregular form, undulate margin. Three unknown isolates from this study (BLAST <95% match) and three "uncultured Bacillus" clones of isolates . Medical, Bucureti. Weakly umbonate elevation. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of thermophilic bacteria from hot springs in Jordan. There are concerns regarding the safety of this fungicide. Color ranges from opaque to white. Laboratories use B. subtilis when studying and finding new treatments for infection. 24. Staphylococcus aureus cultivated on trypticase soy agar. Salkinoja-Salonen S., Vuorio R., Andersson M.A., Kmpfer P., Andersson M.C., Honkanen-Buzalski T., and Scoging A.C. Poovendran, P., Kalaigandhi, V., KamalaseKanan, V., Jamuna rani, E., Poongunran, E. Ramnani P, Singh R & Gupta R (2005) Keratinolytic potential of Bacillus licheniformis RG1: structural and biochemical mechanism of feather degradation. FIG. Volume I: Bacillus subtilis. Lactobacillus plantarum cultivated on lactobacillus agar. Independent.ie. It causes bread spoilage, or more specifically, a condition called "ropy bread" (1). confidence and trust with respect to the information we collect from you on Mucoid strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae cultivated on sheep blood agar. (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 31: Thiomonas-like bacteria morphology (Enlarged view). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Epub 2004 Sep 13. B. licheniformis can also give more information about the evolution of molting and patterns of color in birds due to its feather degrading capability. These strains can grow in media with 5-40% NaCl concentrations. Bacillus cereus produces numerous enzymes and aggressins. Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is a gram-positive, spore-forming rod, with colonies exhibiting a unique ground-glass appearance, and lacking hemolysis and motility.In addition to these phenotypes, several others traits are characteristic of B. anthracis such as susceptibility to gamma phage, the presence of two virulence plasmids (pX01 and pX02), and specific . This is desired because it is cheap and nutritious. J Bacteriol. The sample was obtained from a floor swab and incubated at 37C for 48 hours. Close-up view of the edges of an unknown bacterium on trypticase soy agar (TSA) exhibiting spreading and rhizoid growth. This phenotype classically presents as small, flat, 2- to 3-mm colonies with a concave or indented center. morphology is variable, and may give the appearance of a mixed culture. | Privacy Policy, Terms of Use and State Disclosures. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, andKyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 5: Sinorhizobium meliloti morphology (Enlarged view). (Bobbi Pritt, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN), Figure 10: Streptococcus pneumoniae morphology (Enlarged view). The bacterium was subcultured by cutting a chunk of the agar containing the organism and placing it in the middle of a TSA plate then incubating for 1 week at 37 C. It is sold under the name Alcalase by Novozymes. Pathogenesis The virulence factors of B anthracis are its capsule and three-component toxin, both encoded on plasmids. Based on colony morphology, microscopic observations, and cultural, biochemical, and physiological properties, the bacterium was given the name Bacillus spp., Alcaligenes spp., Erwinia spp., Serratia spp., or Pseudomonas spp. It transfers to the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans via the soil. The Bacillus subtilis strain showed various colony growth patterns on the agar plate. the colony characteristics under light microscope J Bacteriol. [ 55 ] evaluated the effects of a combination of enzymes with probiotics (3 Bacillus spp.) LaboratoryInfo.com does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. (Ed.) Circular form, umbonate elevation. The effects of temperature(30-40C), fermentation time (24-72 h), initial medium pH (6.0-9.0), carbon sources (soluble, wheat,rice and corn starches) and substrate concentration (5-30 g/L) on the . B. licheniformis is a Gram positive, spore-forming, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It may have a putative impact on protease production and serve as target for strain improvement.[4]. Caused . This bacterium, although detrimental, can be modified to become useful. A colony is defined as a visible mass of microorganisms all originating from a single mother cell, therefore a colony constitutes a clone of bacteria all genetically alike. B. licheniformis is used to make the antibiotic Bacitracin. Bacillus licheniformis was isolated from soil of different house gardens. . Pulvinate elevation. The water droplets (exudate) that can be seen on the outer edges of the colony, not in the center, is a result of respiration. 30. Independent.ie. Isolation of Low-Molecular-Weight Fragments from the Soluble Mucopeptide. Biochemical Journal 106.1 1968. 18. microbial colonies that showed mucus morphology were streaked on TSA plates to obtain pure cultures. 13. (6) Veith, B., Herzberg, C., Steckel, S., Feesche, J., Maurer, K. H., Ehrenreich, P., Bumer, S., Henne, A., Liesegang, H., Merkl, R., Ehrenreich, A., Gottschalk, G. (2004) The complete genome sequence of Bacillus licheniformis DSM13, an organism with great industrial potential. FIG. Rough colony morphology of wild-type Mycobacterium smegmatis (left side); themutant phenotype (right side) is smooth and translucent when observed in front of direct light. Biology Dictionary. FIG. The initial sample was obtained from a swab taken from the bottom of a shoe and incubated at 37 C for 48 hours. Species are identified by using morphologic and biochemical criteria. Filamentous form, weakly undulate margin. (D. Barrie Johnson, University of Wales, UK), Figure 33: Mycobacterium smegmatis morphology (Enlarged view). FIG. FIG. The genera Bacillus and Clostridium constitute the family Bacillaceae. This protease is an active ingredient in laundry detergents, removing protein-comprised dirt in clothes. 2004;5(10):R77. But, although similar to B. subtilis, they differ in the amount and location of prophages, transposable elements, extracellular enzymes, and secondary metabolic pathway operons. Colonies are round to irregular in shape, 2-4 mm in diameter, with margins varying from undulate to fimbriate. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 16: Streptomyces albus morphology (Enlarged view). New York, Academic Press. FIG. Toalhe must be used to read the results on this plate. Batch experiments were evaluated to determine the maximum specific growth rate, saturation constant, inhibition constant . Bacillus cereus is an aerobic spore-forming bacterium that is commonly found in soil, on vegetables, and in many raw and processed foods. The pigment is opaque white-beige with a mucoid surface over most of the colony. Serratia marcescens colonial morphology. A colony of Bacillus subtilis survived on the outside of a NASA satellite for six years. The pathogenesis of Bacillus licheniformis, based on experimental studies, suggests there is localization in the placentomes after bacteremia. Bacillus globigii at 37. Characteristics of the bacterial colony on agar slants, Characteristic of bacteria in nutrient broth, Microorganisms that can grow on a nutrient agar plate, Factors affecting the colony morphology of bacteria, Shape A bacterial colony can manifest in various, Staphylococcus irregularly arranged in clusters/grape-like. It has a variety of uses including commercial processes. 9. This protease is a desired ingredient in laundry detergent due to its ability to be used in low temperatures, which prevents shrinkage and fading colors. The American Society for Microbiology It can cause ophthalmitis, which is the inflammation of the eye. Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultivated on trypticase soy agar. Cross-links between peptide chains create a crystal-lattice like structure [6]. Five distinct stages of cell and colony morphology were observed from the visible colony edge to the center of the plate. Can J Microbiol 51: 191 196. B. licheniformis exhibits antimicrobial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. (4). Sibakov M: Eur J Biochem: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09527.x: 1986 * Phylogeny: Isolation and the 5'-end nucleotide sequence of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase gene. (2) Pereira R., Martins J., Mateus C., Teixeira J. It is also resistant to some commonly used antibiotics, including oxacillin and nafcillin. (8). One isolate matched Bacillus panaciterrae which has not previously been described as a hot-spring isolate. The organism secretes a keratinase which is capable of complete degradation of a feather within 24 hours, as feathers are made up of 90% keratin. Bacillus licheniformis was found to be the only isolate in 3 cases of bovine abortion. Scientists are currently exploring its ability to degrade feathers for agricultural purposes. I realize that the strains causing these problems were wild strains, not strains studied to be probiotics. A fluorescence reporter plasmid system for enabling a Bacillus strain to fluoresce, wherein the Bacillus strain fluoresces in its dormant endospore state and/or in its metabolically active vegetative state, and wherein the plasmid system is designed to function extra-chromosomally. 6346. Most do not grow well on enteric agars. Shape A bacterial colony can manifest in various shapes which include but not limited to the following: Spiral Bacteria that are twisted or helical in shape which looks like little corkscrews. (Tasha Sturm and Marina Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 52: Unknown Fungal Isolate on Trypticase Soy Agar Exhibiting Small Round Colonies. It produces a variety of extracellular enzymes that are associated with the cycling of nutrients in nature. Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, "RNA-Seq of Bacillus licheniformis: active regulatory RNA features expressed within a productive fermentation", "Comparative growth analysis of the facultative anaerobes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Escherichia coli", "Identification and High-level Production of Pulcherrimin in Bacillus licheniformis DW2", "Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bacillus licheniformis in avian plumage", "Colourful parrot feathers resist bacterial degradation", "Stability of thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis RP1 in commercial solid laundry detergent formulations", "Biotechnological applications of Bacillus licheniformis", "On the industrial use of Bacillus licheniformis: a review", "Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis in Drinking Water", "The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens", "Bacillus strains as human probiotics: characterization, safety, microbiome, and probiotic carrier", "Unravelling the genetic basis for competence development of auxotrophic Bacillus licheniformis 9945A strains", "Combined Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis infection in a patient with oesophageal perforation", "Toxigenic Strains of Bacillus licheniformis Related to Food Poisoning", "Postoperative neurosurgical infections due to bacillus species", "[Bacillary endophthalmitis. These have an onset time of 2-14 hours and last no longer than 36 hours. FIG. The plasmid system according to claim 1, which enables a Bacillus strain to fluoresce after the plasmid has . Various organisms can grow on solid media. The rod shape also helps bacteria glide or move through watery environments and provides regular building block shapes that make biofilm formation easier. In the present study, CotA laccase was cloned from Bacillus licheniformis ZOM-1 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Birds that tend to stay on the ground more than the air (i.e. Colonies are both round and irregular in shape, with irregular (undulate, fimbriate) margins. Streptomyces albus cultivated on nutrient agar. B. licheniformis is a motile organism capable of fermenting sugars (lactose, glucose, mannitol) and excreting useful extracellular enzymes including but not limited to: catalase, casease, urease, deaminase, protease, and lipase. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 38: Streptococcus salivarius morphology (Enlarged view). The form of the colony is subdivided into following: Image 2:Elevation of the bacterial colony. This is because when under stress, these bacteria (including B. subtilis ) transform into spores and become dormant. Bacillus are a genus of Gram-positive bacteria used as probiotics for animal and human consumption. around the bird's chest area and back plumage. Outbreaks are predominately associated with cooked meats, vegetables, milk products, and baby food. Your email address will not be published. 25. FIG. Image 12: A petri dish containing mold growth. (8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=13082, (9) http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/tech_docs/brad_006492.pdf, Edited by Thu Quynh Mai, student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano, From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource. (7) Wecke T, Veith B, Ehrenreich A, Mascher T. Cell envelope stress response in Bacillus licheniformis: integrating comparative genomics, transcriptional profiling, and regulon mining to decipher a complex regulatory network. Irregular form, lobate margin. FIG. Consistency/texture The texture and consistency of the organism can be described as: Image 7: The different shapes of bacteria and the corresponding bacteria species. It is also often found on feathers of ground-dwelling and aquatic species of birds. The B. licheniformis chromosome contains large regions that are colinear with the genomes of B. subtilis and Bacillus halodurans, and approximately 80% of the predicted B. licheniformis coding sequences have B. subtilis orthologs [1]. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is the type species of the genus Bacillus, commonly used as a model organism to describe the structure of different species of the genus. Keratinolytic activities of B. licheniformis could aid in converting this by-product into a useful protein source for animal feed. There are increased concerns regarding microbial contaminations, from such bacteria as E. coli and B. licheniformis, when it comes to food processing. Dairy products are at increased risk of being contaminated with toxin-producing isolates of B. licheniformis. Circular form, entire margin. Bacillus subtilis PspoIIA-gfp viewed at low magnification. FIG. ducks) are common carriers of this bacterium; it is mostly found B. licheniformis lives in the barbules, or terminal branches of the barbs of a bird feather. The optimal temperature for enzyme secretion is 37C. Nonmucoid strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae cultivated on sheep blood agar. It is a rod shaped, endospore bearing bacteria and belong to the family Firmicutes. This gives researchers a lot of material to work with in the race to produce a bacteriocide that pathogenic bacteria do not become resistant to. 10 cards. FIG. (3) Rey M.W., Ramaiya P., Nelson B.A., Brody-Karpin S.D., Zaretsky E.J., Tang M., Lopez de Leon A., Xiang H., Gusti V., Clausen I.G., Olsen P.B., Rasmussen M.D., Andersen J.T., Jorgensen P.L., Larsen T.S., Sorokin A., Bolotin A., Lapidus A., Galleron N., Ehrlich S.D., Berka R.M. This system uses DNA-based diagnostic tool to monitor fermentation processes such as the production of enzymes for Henkel laundry detergents. (Tasha L. Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 49: Bacillus cereus colonial morphology. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 13: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). Optimal growth temperature is 20-37 C. Nocardia asteroides cultivated on trypticase soy agar. 54. A colony is a visible mas of microorganism that originated from a single mother cell. The death kinetics for B. licheniformis ATCC 14580 spores in cloudberry jam was examined under ohmic heat inactivation and conventional heat inactivation. 41. Streak plate isolation of a mixed broth culture showing colonial morphology of Escherichia coli (white colonies) and Micrococcus luteus (yellow colonies). has also been associated with septicaemia, peritonitis, ophthalmitis and food poisoning in humans, as well as with. They vary in color, share, pigmentation, and other characteristics. These spores are quite tolerant of heat, cold, radiation, and other environmental stresses. B. licheniformis has proved itself as a multipurpose organism and has gained popularity along with B. subtilis. [11], Subtilisin Carlsberg, a serine protease secreted by B. licheniformis, is used in laundry detergent formulations due to its ability to perform at high pH levels (optimal activity is between 8.0 and 10.0) and high temperatures (40-50 Celsius). FIG. The pigment is opaque white-beige with a mucoid surface towards the center of the colony and a matte surface towards the edges. Macrophages are central cells in the immune response . Circular form, entire margin. It is also used to produce bacitracin, a peptide topical and intramuscular antibiotic. The compound 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) is a bulk flavor and fragrance with a rose-like aroma that can be produced by microbial cell factories, but its cellular toxicity inhibits cellular growth and limits strain performance. B. licheniformis produces a variety of extracellular enzymes that are associated with the cycling of nutrients in nature. Biotechnol. (3), The chromosome of B. licheniformis has large regions that are similar to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus halodurans. "Bacillus Subtilis." Bacillus mycoides . The symptoms include stomach pains, (acute) diarrhea, and possible vomiting. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 40: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). A significant difference in pressure across the cytoplasmic membrane pushes the cell wall into a specific shape. Spores occur in soil, on bird feathers and in ground dwelling birds and aquatic species; comprise the subtilis group, which has been associated with food-borne gastro-enteritis. Biologydictionary.net Editors. An arrangement is a microbiological term that refers to species-specific bacteria communities. 37. Bacillus licheniformis is a common cause. Privacy Policy sets forth the information we collect about you, how we use (Tasha Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 57: An unknown airborne environmental isolate on Mueller-Hinton agar. Weakly irregular form. Unknown isolate cultivated on trypticase soy agar. Bacitracin lyses the proplasts of B. licheniformis in the presence of cadmium or zinc ions. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 43: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). Bacillus subtilis morphology describes rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that show up on both positive and negative Gram stain techniques. (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT) Figure 21: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram positive spore-forming bacterial species of high biotechnological interest with numerous present and potential uses, including the production of bioactive compounds that are applied in a wide range of fields, such as aquaculture, agriculture, food, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical industries.