[76], Upon his arrival in Jordan, after a six-month medical absence from the country, he announced he was "completely cured. Hussein recounting his secret meetings with Israeli representatives[30], The events at Samu triggered large-scale anti-Hashemite protests in the West Bank for what they perceived as Hussein's incompetency for defending them against Israel: rioters attacked government offices, chanted pro-Nasser slogans, and called on Hussein to have the same fate as Nuri As-Said the Iraqi prime minister who had been killed and mutilated in 1958 along with the Iraqi royal family. [52], The orchestrators of the Intifada were the Unified National Leadership of the Uprising, which issued its 10th communiqu on 11 March 1988, urging its followers to "intensify the mass pressure against the [Israel] occupation army and the settlers and against collaborators and personnel of the Jordanian regime. [88] UNICEF statistics show that between 1981 and 1991, Jordan had achieved the world's fastest annual rate of decline in infant mortality from 70 deaths per 1,000 births in 1981 to 37 per 1,000 in 1991, a drop of over 47%. [64] Consequently, the IAF's seats decreased from 34 to 21 seats out of 80. [64] The latter system was introduced to limit the Islamist opposition's representation in the House of Representatives, by gerrymandering Palestinian majority areas and encouraging independents over partisan candidates. [52] In a meeting in November 1988 the PLO accepted all United Nations resolutions and agreed to recognize Israel. [75] According to Jordanian government sources, Hussein stated that: I need very much to feel the warmth of my people around me, there is work to be done and I will get the strength from my people to finish the business. Twenty minutes later, another explosion went off;[25] it was intended for Hussein as it was expected he would run to the scene, which he did he was a few minutes late. [2] He was enthroned on 2 May 1953, the same day that his cousin Faisal II assumed his constitutional powers as king of Iraq. Brockhaus Enzyklopdie. [81] Bill Clinton said about the funeral: "I don't think I have ever seen a greater outpouring of the world's appreciation and the world's love for a human being than I've seen today. King Hussein Net Worth 2023, Age, Height, Relationships, Married, Dating, Family, Wiki Biography. He is not dating anyone. [55] Protesters accused Zaid Al-Rifai's government of rampant corruption and demanded that the martial law in place since 1957 be lifted and parliamentary elections be resumed. [13] The coinciding events in Egypt had Jordanian leftist opposition parties leaning greatly towards Nasser. The king's life was in constant peril and he survived more than a handful of harrowing attempts to bring his reign to an untimely end. [20] The two rival entities launched propaganda wars against each other through their radio broadcasts. [26] During the summit Nasser also attempted to convince Hussein to purchase Soviet weapons, but the Americans provided Hussein with tanks and jets instead, with the understanding that they would not be used in the West Bank at Israel's request. He attended Victoria College in Alexandria, Egypt, and Harrow School in England, and later attended the Royal Military Academy of Sandhurst, England. [61] But Western pundits viewed Hussein's actions as impulsive and emotional, claiming that he could have dampened Jordanian public support for Iraq through better leadership. He is an actor, known for West Wing Week (2010), 20 heures le journal (1981) and Menschen und Mchte (1963). [37] It is believed that Israel had wanted to punish Jordan for its perceived support for the PLO. [4] Hussein claimed to be an agnatic descendant of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and her husband Ali, the fourth caliph, since Hussein belonged to the Hashemite family, which had ruled Mecca for over 700 years until its 1925 conquest by the House of Saud and has ruled Jordan since 1921. The King renounced Jordan's ties to the West Bank in 1988 after the Palestine Liberation Organization was recognized internationally as the sole representative of the Palestinians. [22] Hussein, worried about a similar coup in Jordan, tightened martial law. [44] The summit ended with a restoration of ties between Jordan, Egypt, and Syria. Hussein was 24 years old and recently divorced when he met Cabot, who gained moderate fame in the . [67] In 1998 Jordan refused a secret request from Netanyahu to attack Iraq using Jordanian airspace after claiming Saddam held weapons of mass destruction. [67], Mounting opposition in Jordan to the peace treaty with Israel led Hussein to put greater restrictions on freedom of speech. "[67], On 27 September 1997 eight Mossad agents entered Jordan using fake Canadian passports and attempted to assassinate Jordanian citizen Khaled Mashal, head of the Palestinian group Hamas. [81] Khaled Mashal was also in the same room as the Mossad leaders who had tried to assassinate him just two years earlier. "[69] His gesture was received very warmly in Israel, and Hussein sent the families $1million in total as compensation for the loss of life. King Hussein of Jordan's Life Path Number is 7 as per numerology. [50] Iraqi aid helped Jordan's finances; Hussein had felt it humiliating to keep asking Gulf countries for assistance. [60] The Iraqi-Jordanian relationship developed into the Arab Cooperation Council (ACC), which also included Egypt and Yemen, on 16 February 1989, serving as a counter to the Gulf Cooperation Council. Paperback. [61] Adding to Jordan's deteriorating situation was the arrival of 400,000 Palestinian refugees from Kuwait, who had all been working there. [31] Jordanians believed that after this incident, Israel would march on the West Bank whether or not Jordan joined the war. subject named as. [50] Around the same time, Hussein met Israel prime minister Shimon Peres on 19 July 1985 in the United Kingdom, where Peres assented to the accord, but later the rest of his government opposed it due to the PLO's involvement. [10] He returned home to cheering crowds. [52] The Jordanian Ministry of Occupied Territories Affairs was abolished on 1 July 1988, its responsibilities taken over by the Palestinian Affairs Department. [20] As a counterweight, Hussein and his cousin, King Faisal II of Hashemite Iraq, established the Arab Federation on 14 February 1958 in an Amman ceremony. [6], Abdullah's eldest son, Talal, was proclaimed King of Jordan. "[85], Hussein's policy of co-opting the opposition was his most revered. [72] Other incidents included a government scandal involving contamination of the country's water supply. [96] His call sign was JY1, which inspired the name for Jordan's first cube-sat satellite, the JY1-SAT, which was launched in 2018. [55] The National Charter sought to set a timetable for democratization acts. Talal was then the heir to his own father, King Abdullah I. Hussein began his schooling in Amman, continuing his education abroad. At the age of 20, he joined the Ba'ath Party. [63], Hussein was tasked by the United States with forming a joint Palestinian-Jordanian delegation to participate in the Madrid Peace Conference. [97], Hussein was a trained pilot, flying both airplanes and helicopters as a hobby. Hussein, currently a second lieutenant in the Jordanian Armed Forces, started his education in Jordan and in 2016 he graduated from Georgetown University with a degree in international history. [60] Saddam's invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 led six months later to international intervention to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait in what became known as the Gulf War. The military earlier denied that Prince Hamzah was under . Avi Shlaim's Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace is the first major account one of the most important figures in the turbulent history of the Middle East. Maybe others could, others who were distant, who were not equally aware or involved. He also accused him of abusing his powers as regent and crown prince. [61] The effects of the Gulf War, the sanctions on Iraq, and the flow of refugees to Jordan were estimated by a UN report to be $1.5billion out of a gross domestic product (GDP) of $4.2billion in 1990, and $3.6billion out of a GDP of $4.7billion in 1991. [35] Al-Aqsa mosque is the third holiest site in Islam, believed to be where Muhammad ascended to heaven. [10] Abu Al-Huda lasted only a year, and the government underwent reshuffling three times within the following year. Princess Muna al-Hussein (born Antoinette Avril Gardiner; 25 April 1941) is the mother of King Abdullah II of Jordan. [72] King Hussein had changed his line of succession a total of four times: "From his brother Muhammad, to his infant son Abdullah, to his second brother Hassan, and again to his then-grown-up son Abdullah. Hussein I of Jordan. Another plot was uncovered after a large number of cats were found dead in the royal palace; it emerged that the cook had been trying poisons to use against the king. [37] PLO actions in Jordan culminated in the Dawson's Field hijackings incident on 10 September 1970, in which the fedayeen hijacked three civilian aircraft and forced their landing in Zarqa, taking foreign nationals as hostages, and later bombing the planes in front of the international press. [25] Assassination attempts against the king subsided after a successful coup toppled the Syrian regime on 28 September 1961 and the UAR collapsed. [47], In the 1974 Arab League summit held in Morocco on 26 October, a Fatah plot to assassinate Hussein upon his arrival was uncovered by the Moroccan authorities. We fly diplomats, Pentagon officials, and House speakers to Taiwan to "send a message" aka senselessly provoke the CCP while accomplishing nothing for the people of Taiwan. [56] On 16 April 1989 the government increased prices of gasoline, licensing fees, alcoholic beverages, and cigarettes, between 15% to 50%, in a bid to increase revenues in accordance with an agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). [50] The relationship between Hussein and Saddam became very close Hussein visited Baghdad 61 times between 1980 and 1990,[50] and Saddam used Hussein to relay messages to several countries, including the US and Britain. Under his leadership, Jordan weathered all the crises, revolutions, violence and. [50] The meeting between Hafez Al-Assad and Saddam Hussein occurred at an airbase in Al-Jafr in the eastern Jordanian desert. [50] Jordan announced a $1.3billion five-year development plan for the West Bank, in a bid to enhance its image in the West Bank residents at the expense of the PLO. [63] But when Hussein replaced his conservative prime minister, Mudar Badran, with liberal Palestinian Taher Al-Masri, who was in favor of peace negotiations with Israel, the Muslim Brotherhood Jordan's main opposition group, who at that time occupied 22 out of 80 seats in the House of Representatives, and whose members and support came mostly from Palestinians in the country vehemently rejected the new prime minister by voting against him during the vote of confidence. The 23-year-old prince has a heart that beats for the youth of his kingdom. If we look at even a flu epidemic, it affected both of us. At the time of his passing, he was the longest serving executive head of state in the world. [10] Hussein's bold decisions were met with admiration at home and relations with Arab states improved. [67] He travelled to the Israeli town of Beit Shemesh to offer his condolences to the grieving families of the Israeli children killed. [37], In a speech to the Jordanian parliament on 15 March 1972, Hussein announced his "United Arab Kingdom" plan. Abdullah II of Jordan and Queen Rania. A Valley man accused of murdering his actress mother may be the son of King Hussein of Jordan, . [78], On 25 January, the day after he proclaimed Abdullah as crown prince, Hussein returned abruptly to the United States, after experiencing fevers a sign of recurrent lymphoma. Quote by King Hussein a year before his death. [70] However, the crackdown led the opposition groups in Jordan to boycott the 1997 parliamentary elections. According to Hussein, he is a 42nd-generation direct descendant of Muhammad as he belongs to the Hashemite family, who have ruled Jordan since 1921. [60] An Arab League summit held in Cairo issued a condemnation of Iraq with a fourteen-vote majority, despite calls by Jordan's foreign minister Marwan Al-Kasim that this move would hinder Hussein's efforts to reach a peaceful resolution. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Hussein was a 40th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad.[1]. [35], On 22 November 1967 the United Nations Security Council unanimously approved resolution 242, which became one of Jordan's foreign policy cornerstones. [67] On 9 March 1997 Hussein sent Netanyahu a three-page letter expressing his disappointment. At first, Israeli leaders were dismissive of his inexperience and gave short odds for his longevity. [55] In May 1989, just before the elections, Hussein announced his intention to appoint a 60-person royal commission to draft a reformist document named the National Charter. Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: , Al-usayn ibn all; 14 November 1935 - 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. . [50] Around the same time, Hussein became troubled after he heard that Israel had been selling American weapons to Iran, thereby lengthening the conflict between Iraq and Iran, both supporters of the PLO. Jordan appeared to have blocked the ICIJ website on Sunday, hours before the Pandora papers launched. [37] The fedayeen were driven out of Jordanian cities one by one until 2,000 fedayeen surrendered after being encircled in a forest near Ajloun on 17 July, marking the end of the conflict. Susan and Timothy were supported for many years out of the royal privy purse. He lifted martial law and reintroduced elections in 1989 when riots over price hikes spread in southern Jordan. [60] On Hussein's way back from Baghdad, Egypt issued a condemnation of the Iraqi invasion. [42] But the implementation of the plan was to be conditional upon achieving a peace agreement between Israel and Jordan. [67] The soldier was determined to be mentally unstable by a Jordanian military tribunal and was sentenced to 20years in prison, which he served entirely. [82] The King's funeral was held in the Raghadan Palace. [20], The Lebanese, pro-Western government of Camille Chamoun was also threatened to be toppled by growing UAR-supported domestic opposition groups. This money was used by the King to establish an intelligence service but was nevertheless criticized for being handled away from the government's supervision.[91]. [79] Fighter jets from several countries flew with his plane as it passed over their territories, including the United States, Britain, and Israel. "[86] Hussein was able to survive through four turbulent decades of the Arab-Israel conflict and the Cold War, successfully balancing pressures from Arab nationalists, Soviet Union, Western countries and Israel. [33] Shlaim argues that Hussein had possessed options, but had made two mistakes: the first was in putting the Jordanian army under Egyptian command; the second was in allowing the entry of Iraqi troops into Jordan, which raised Israeli suspicions against Jordan. [67], In May 1998 Hussein, a heavy smoker, was admitted to the Mayo Clinic, but doctors were unable to diagnose his ailment. [20] Aref replied, "You look after yourselves. [55], A UN-brokered ceasefire became active in July 1988, ending the Iran-Iraq war. [45] Subsequent peace talks with Israel collapsed; while Jordan wanted a complete Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank, Israel preferred to retain control but with Jordanian administration. Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: , Al-usayn ibn all; 14 November 1935 - 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. At 27 years old, Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan height not available right now. [85], Hussein considered the Palestinian issue to be the overriding national security issue, even after Jordan lost the West Bank in 1967 and after it renounced claims to it in 1988. [25] The expedition was cancelled amid British opposition and the weakened state of the Royal Jordanian Air Force. [61] Hussein's brother, Crown Prince Hassan, also disagreed with Hussein, but the King refused to recognize Saddam's wrongdoings. and went below tree top level just skimming along on the ground. [10] The incident led to protests, and in 1954 Hussein dismissed Mulki amid the unrest and appointed staunch royalist Tawfik Abu Al-Huda. Born in 1935, Hussein became king at 18. [61] Hussein's position in the international community was severely affected, so severe that he privately discussed his intention to abdicate. [20] Jordanian and Syrian forces clashed in March along the border. [8], The young prince started his elementary education in Amman. "[64] Subsequent negotiations culminated in the IsraelJordan peace treaty, signed on 26 October in a ceremony in Wadi Araba. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Hussein was a 40th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad. She attended Syracuse University. [37], Jordan allowed the fedayeen to leave for Lebanon through Syria, an event that led to the Lebanese Civil War in 1975. [52] On 28 July Jordan terminated the West Bank development plan. RIYADH: Jordan's royal court on Wednesday announced the engagement of the country's Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah to Saudi national Rajwa Khaled bin Musaed bin Saif bin Abdulaziz Al-Saif.. [20] Egypt and Syria formed the United Arab Republic (UAR) on 1 February 1958, with the Republic's presidency occupied by Nasser. She is a Commissioner of the International Commission on Missing Persons, created at the 1996 G8 summit to promote reconciliation and conflict resolution after the Balkans war and now is the. [63] He called on extremists on both the right and left of the political spectrum to end their opposition to the peace negotiations, denounced what he saw as the Gulf countries' undemocratic nature, and called on Saddam to introduce democracy to Iraq. [85] British aid in the early 1950s, American aid from 1957 onwards, Gulf aid in the 1960s and 1970s, Arab League and Iraqi aid in the early 1980s, and, after formalizing peace with Israel, American aid in the 1990s. said the King, 'They can fly lower!' Mini Bio (1) Abdullah II King Of Jordan was born on January 30, 1962 in Amman, Jordan. King Hussein of Jordan has been a part of the World Leader list. She also became a longest-standing part of the Board of Commissioners of the International Commission on Missing Persons. [67] Jordan replied that the Geneva Conventions "do not apply to terrorists," and a special operations team headed by Hussein's son Abdullah was put in charge of the operation. [10] Upon assuming the throne, he appointed Fawzi Mulki as prime minister. If there is any purpose in life it will be to make sure that all the children no longer suffer the way our generation did. [26] The PLO started to demand that the Jordanian government legalize their activities, including the setting up of Palestinian armed units to fight Israel; the requests were denied. He was married to Queen Noor, Alia Baha ed . King Hussein believed in keeping peace and opposed war since he believed it was pointless. [2] Hussein was the eldest among his siblings, three brothers and two sisters Princess Asma, Prince Muhammad, Prince Hassan, Prince Muhsin, and Princess Basma. Nasser died the following day of a heart attack. 8 February 1999", "DEATH OF A KING: THE AMERICANS; Clinton Lauds King Hussein As Man of Vision and Spirit", "Expansion of KHCC to put centre on regional map director", "Abdullah II | Biography, Education, Family, History, & Facts", "International sports community pays tribute to FEI Honorary President HRH Princess Haya", "HRH Princess Haya Biog The Official Website of HRH Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein", "The Radio Society of Harrow Dedication to JY1", "Crown Prince announces launch of first Jordanian mini satellite", "Defendant May Be Son of Hussein, Lawyer Says: Accused of Murdering Actress Mother in '86", "New CIA documents show Jordan's King Hussein had lovechild with American Jewish actress", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hussein_of_Jordan&oldid=1138248004, Hussein bin Talal bin Abdullah bin Hussein, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 18:40. [22] On 14 July, an Iraqi unit stormed the royal palace in Iraq, executed all members of the Iraqi royal family, and mutilated the bodies of the crown prince and the Iraqi Prime Minister of the Arab Federation, Nuri Al-Said. . [14], On 13 April, rioting broke in the Zarqa army barracks and the 21-year-old Hussein went to end the violence between royalist and Arab nationalist army units after the latter group spread rumors that the King had been assassinated. [10] The local unrest, periodically fueled by propaganda transmitted from Egyptian radios, was only calmed after the King appointed a new prime minister who promised not to enter the Baghdad Pact. [61] Saddam then announced that his invasion had become "irreversible," and on 8 August he annexed Kuwait. With a reign that long, it seemed almost inevitable that Hussein made more than a few enemies. [15] A 3,000-man Syrian force started moving south towards the Jordanian border in support of what they perceived as a coup attempt, but turned around after the army units showed their loyalty to the King. [10] Talal appointed his son Hussein as crown prince on 9 September 1951. [99] In 1986 Timothy killed his mother. [59] Hussein had advised Saddam after 1988 to polish his image in the West by visiting other countries, and by appearing at the United Nations for a speech, but to no avail. Abdullah II. [11] Meanwhile, Hussein pursued further study at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. [13] Nabulsi wanted to move Jordan closer to Nasser's regime, but Hussein wanted it to stay in the Western camp. King Hussein of Jordan: On A Knife Edge is the second of a two-part series telling the story of Jordan's King from 1952 to his death in 1999. [80] At 11:43 on 7 February, Hussein was pronounced dead. [52] Adnan Abu Oudeh, a Palestinian descendant who was Hussein's political advisor, Prime Minister Zaid Al-Rifai, army chief of staff Zaid ibn Shaker, Royal Court chief Marwan Kasim, and mukhabarat director Tariq Alaeddin, helped the King prepare West Bank disengagement plans. Jordan's ruler from 1953 to 1999 who is credited with modernizing his . [85] His 58 secret meetings held with Israeli representatives since 1963 culminated in the signing of the IsraelJordan peace treaty in 1994, which he considered to be his "crowning achievement. 9 October 2017. stated in. In January 1999 King Hussein, whose health was deteriorating, named Abdullah the new heir to the Hashemite crown. [35] Jordan suffered a severe setback with the loss of the West Bank, which contributed 40% to Jordan's GDP in the tourism, industrial, and agricultural sectors. [63] The Bush administration were still angry at Hussein for the Gulf War events but realized they needed Jordan's participation in any peace process. [63] Along with solving the Palestinian problem, Jordan sought to safeguard its interests in relation to security, the economy, water, and the environment. He died on February 7, 1999, Amman, Jordan. [34] Jordanian Hawker Hunters made sorties but were destroyed by Israel when they went to refuel; Syria's and Iraq's air forces followed. [85] From an early age he had to shoulder a heavy responsibility. [37] The organization claimed responsibility for the assassination of Jordanian prime minister Wasfi Tal in 1971, and the highly publicized 1972 Munich massacre against Israeli athletes. [29] Yitzhak Rabin, the then Israel Defense Forces chief of staff, later admitted the disproportionate reaction by Israel, and that the operation would have been better directed at Syria, which was supporting such attacks: "We had neither political nor military reasons to arrive at a confrontation with Jordan or to humiliate Hussein."[29]. [63] The Accords were held in secrecy between Arafat and Rabin without Hussein's knowledge, completely marginalizing Jordan and the Palestinian-Jordanian delegation in Washington. [18] Although he eventually relaxed some of these measures, namely military curfews and severe press censorship, Hussein's moves significantly curtailed the constitutional democracy that existed in Jordan in the mid-1950s. [19] The alleged conspirators were sentenced to 15 years in absentia, but later on were pardoned by Hussein in 1964 as part of his reconciliation efforts with his exiled opposition, and were entrusted with senior positions in the government. [88] Social indicators reflect King Hussein's successes. [53] Two days later a royal decree dissolved the House of Representatives, thereby removing West Bank representation in the Parliament. [72] Samih Batikhi, the director of the General Intelligence Directorate (mukhabarat), visited Hussein during his stay at the Mayo Clinic to keep him updated. [71] Hussein returned to the clinic in July after suffering severe fevers; doctors then diagnosed him with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein is the 41st direct descendent of Prophet Muhammad and the present king of Jordan. [16] Two principal accounts emerged regarding the events at Zarqa, with the royalist version holding that the incident was an abortive coup by army chief of staff Ali Abu Nuwar against King Hussein, and the dissident version asserting that it was a staged, American-backed counter-coup by Hussein against the pan-Arabist movement in Jordan.