He then tries to make sense or accept her death from a religious point of view: Meanwhile, where is God? I should describe it as feeling more important than any poetry I have ever read., Lewis suggested that Greeves might try it in English translation, but warned him If you do, I think the great point is to give up any idea of reading it in long stretches instead, read a small daily portion, in rather a liturgical manner, letting the images and the purely intellectual conceptions sink well into the mind. I admire his boldness, perhaps even his recklessness. For Hegel, as Hgglund reads him, a religious institution is really just a community that has come together to ennoble a governing set of normsa shared understanding of what counts as good and just. The object of devotion is thus really the community itself. I suddenly remembered that no one can enter heaven except as a child; and nothing is so obvious in a child not in a conceited child, but in a good child as its great and undisguised pleasure in being praised. At the end of C. S. Lewiss finest novel, Till We Have Faces (1956), Orual says I know now, Lord, why you utter no answer. The whole man is to drink joy from the fountain of joy. Dante wrote all of Paradise to say that. He apparently had both the beginning of Psalm 19 and the beginning of Canto 27 of Paradise in mind when he described the heavens in the fifth chapter of Out of the Silent Planet: He [Ransom] had read of Space: at the back of his thinking for years had lurked the dismal fancy of the black, cold vacuity, the utter deadness, which was supposed to separate the worlds. Rather than simply replace the realm of necessity with the realm of freedomwhich would be impossible anyway, because there is always tedious and burdensome work to be donewe should be able to better negotiate the relationship between those realms. This is a short and intense first person account of C S Lewiss (1898-1963) emotional journey as a result of his beloved wifes death. The dead might experience a time which is not so linear as ours it might, so to speak, have thickness as well as length. Lewis, A Grief Observed "If a mother is mourning not for what she has lost but for what her dead child has lost, it is a comfort to believe that the child has not lost the end for which it was created. Moreover, I care for the preservation of the landscape because I am aware that even the duration of the natural environment is not guaranteed. Lewis is an absolute genius and I learned a lot from reading this, but I also missed a . That is how much my answer pleased him. Like a child, Dante was happy that St. Peter glorified him with song and dance in response to his correct answers. (2) How wicked it would be, if we could, to call the dead back! In Canto 20 of Paradise Dante made a fleeting reference to these two kinds of grace in explaining the salvation of Ripheus : [Ripheus], by the grace that wells up from such a deep spring that no created eye has ever plumbed the depths of its source, set all his love below on righteousness; and therefore, by grace on grace, God let him see our future redemption., (2) Lewis observes, God is not in space, but space is in God. Dante made this concept famous by depicting it in Cantos 28-30 of Paradise. In The Great Divorce Lewis describes a woman named Sarah Smith who had no high position or prominence in her first life. Orual the heroine is about to enter into single combat with an enemy which will decide the fate of their city. And what gets sacrificed, at least on the page, is freedom: in these sections, the reader feels less able to move about within his argumentation and test his propositions, and is instead hemmed in by an atmosphere of political certainty and utopian fervor. Only under torture does he discover it himself.. But it is immortals whom we joke with, work with, marry, snub, and exploit immortal horrors or everlasting splendours. In The Divine Comedy Dante showed how awesome all people really are. My immediate thoughts are - Wow! Theres lots to be said against devotions to saints; but at least they keep on reminding us that we are very small people compared to them. And people who are suffering loss often cannot find words to express their pain, which leads to a sense of helplessness. Finally, he tells us she had come to terms with her own death at least there is some hope in the ending. The problem with eternity is not that it doesnt exist (Hgglund is uninterested in the pin dancing of proof and disproof) but that it is undesirable and incoherent; it kills meaning and collapses value. Howwould you know, who are neitherhere nor there, standing in our midst? security jobs paying $30 an hour; camp for sale potter county, pa .. totally different.what a way to help . (pp 88-89) The Latin lines are from Dante's Paradiso (canto 31). The last words, Poi si torno all eterna fontana, mean "And then she returned to the Eternal Fount," which were the last words of Dante's Divine Comedy, when Beatrice returns to heaven. I just came across your name on the ODMP and wanted to express our heartfelt sympathy and to sayyou will never be forgotten. The professor of comparative literature is wading into the alien depths of political economy. Perhaps Dante or someone like that. The great merit of Hgglunds book is that he releases atheism from its ancient curse: its sticky intimacy with theism. But dont most of us, nonbelievers and believers alike, often substitute one thing for anotherwhich is to say, read the world allegorically? O indescribable ecstasy! Poi si torno all' eterna fontana." C.S. Already in this life we get some thickness whenever we learn to attend to more than one thing at once. Lewis (U.S.) incorrectly says Hooper met Lewis in 1956, lived with the brothers, Clyde Kilby meets Warren Lewis for the first time, Hooper founds C.S. goblin shark behavioral adaptations. The suffering in the world is not the failure of God's love for us; it's that love in action. Poi si torno all' eterna fontana." C.S. Poi si torno all' eterna fontana. We simply want those lives to last for a longer time. So his reply would probably be: Just admit that your real concerns and values are secular ones, grounded in the frailty, the finitude, and the rescue of this life. Feuerbach is particularly interesting on the question of immortality. After the theory and the academic reversals and the grand proposals, Hgglunds book ends, stirringly, with a grounded account of a man who died trying to use his precious time to change the precious time of oppressed people, aware that the full realization of his vision would likely involve a revaluation of value that could not yet be spoken in America. If we can out our pain into words thereby verbalising our pain it will be easier to understand and gradually overcome the grief, and as I said in yesterdays post on 6 Ways to Recover from Grief,we have to walk through the stages of grief, and move forward until the love we feel when we remember is greater than the pain we feel for the loss. vasca (di una fontana) Piccola fontana - forum Solo Italiano Vino di fontana - forum Solo Italiano. He closed with a Latin line from Dante's Divine Comedy. Hgglund doesnt mention any of the writers I quoted, because he is working philosophically, from general principles. A liberal rabbi or pastor might object that Hgglund is unhelpfully hung up on eternity. Feuerbach wanted to liberate human beings from their harmful self-deceptions, but Hgglund sees no imperative to disdain this venerable meaning-making projection, no need to close down all the temples and churches and wash them away with a strong dose of Dawkins. Visita il forum Italiano-Inglese. O doltish minds! Can you imagine Shelley at his most ecstatic combined with Milton at his most solemn & rigid? For its not enough to claim that religious values can be subsumed by secular ones. Lewis lays out his bare feelings honestly and poignantly. . --- The last words, Poi si torno all eterna fontana, mean "And then she returned to the Eternal Fount," which were the last words of Dante's Divine Comedy, when Beatrice returns to heaven. Your pooridea of heaven: absenceof change. Poi si torno' all' eterna fontana. In Field Flowers, Glcks flower scoffs that absence of change is humanitys poor idea of heaven. But the religious believer might object that Hgglunds idea of eternity is equally poor. In Canto 30 he referred to God as the Point which seems to be enclosed by what It encloses., (3) Lewis says, Joy is the serious business of Heaven. Dantes entire Paradise is a mounting crescendo of that joy. Poi si torn all'eterna fontana. What other answer would suffice? Although she did not get the kind of explanation of Gods justice she sought, her real underlying question was answered. (In Paradise people who had been competitors or opponents on earth rejoiced with each other. Yet you could not accuse This Life of being merely a work of theory. (4) Lewis claims, The angels never knew (from within) the meaning of the word ought, and the blessed dead have long since gladly forgotten it. Dantes final sentence in Paradise (and the entire Comedy) ends with but my desire and will were being turned already, like a wheel in perfect balance, by the Love that moves the sun and other stars. In Heaven Dantes desire and will were miraculously conformed to the will of God. In that book, Robinsons lovely phrase the resurrection of the ordinary means springtime, which unfailingly occurs every year, not the resurrection of human beings, which seems much more doubtful. Yola Wesoowska - music and graphicsStan Michalak - music".Ona z dalekiej strony umiechnie si,I znw do wiecznego zdroju twarz sw obraca" "If there is a tomorrow when we're not together, there is something you must always rememberI'll always be with you.". Better than earth? The specifically maternal happiness must be written off, Lewis allows. . What does poi si torno all Eterna Fontana mean? Even drudgeryhis example is participating in the garbage removal in our neighborhood on a weekly basiscould be an element of our freedom if we see it as part of a collective understanding that we are acting in order to reduce, in the aggregate, socially necessary labor time and to increase socially available free time. Check out `poi si torno alleterna fontana` by Yola Wesolowska, Stanislav Michalak on Amazon Music. In a note at the end of her essay Dantes Vision of Heaven Barbara Reynolds states, C. lincoln park therapy group lakeview location; big ten volleyball coaches' salaries; swim lessons winston salem; velma marie roberts turner; was andrew greeley a jesuit; Nations, cultures, arts, civilization these are mortal, and their life is to ours as the life of a gnat. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. Poi si torno all' eternal fontana. Poi si torn all eterna fontana. In my opinion, Lewis had in mind Dantes claim in Canto 20 of Paradise that a virtuous pagan soldier named Ripheus was taken to Heaven, saved by Gods inscrutable grace. The ancient man approached God (or even the gods) as the accused person approaches his judge. Like a master who embraces his servant as soon as he hears good news that causes him to rejoice, so the light of that apostle at whose command I had spoken circled me three times, blessing me in song. new smyrna beach long term rentals; She was at peace. Perfect humility dispenses with modesty. Dante clearly demonstrated this humility in Canto 24 after being quizzed by St. Peter about faith. Hey if anyone could help a student out It would be much appreciated, thanks. Hgglund admires this honesty, and is therefore baffled by Lewiss account of Davidmans deathbed words. Surely the abolition of the market, of the human tendency to buy and barter, would demand a kind of aggressive, systematic state control that would be at odds with at least some of the freedom (valuable to you) so dear to Hgglund. This is what we have to do. The eagle rebuked him; Who are you to sit in ajudgment seat a thousand miles away when you cant see farther than a handbreadth?. By this he meant that his late wife turns unto God, the eternal fountain of life and grace. (LogOut/ But This Life is aimed at what he sees as the very foundations of religious appeal; the buildingsthe structures housing the exemptions, compromises, and fudges that religious people enact dailyinterest him much less. He is insistent about the secular importance of enjoying things in themselves and for themselves; treating them as a means to a different end becomes, for him, almost a secondary definition of what is wrong with the religious impulse. Lewis warns that it may be possible to think too much of ones future glory in Heaven, but it is hardly possible to think too often or too deeply of the future glory of other people (everlasting splendours). The final chapter in Lewiss first book of straightforward Christian apologetics, The Problem of Pain (1940), is also the first of his evocative descriptions of Heaven. distance from cheyenne, wyoming to lincoln, nebraska. (5) C. S. Lewis speculates about time and timelessness in heaven: Icertainly believe that to be God is to enjoy an infinite present, where nothing has yet passed away and nothing is still to come. Yet he wields a definition of religious faith wide enough for his purposes: any form of belief in an eternal being or an eternity beyond being, either in the form of a timeless repose (such as nirvana), a transcendent God, or an immanent, divine Nature. That should cover most contenders. (Lewis told an inquirer that the bus driver is the same angel that descended in Inferno to help Dante on his way. Or James Baldwin, that great recovering Christian, who once wrote, I have always felt that a human being could only be saved by another human being. Or Primo Levi, who, when faced with death in Auschwitz, was briefly tempted to pray for rescue, and then did not pray, lest he blaspheme his own secularity. what does poi si torno all eterna fontana mean?daily news subscription phone number. The last words in Italian being Dante's view of his beloved Beatrice in a blissful afterlife. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. How much smaller before their Master? Here Lewis also connects the crushing weight of the mountains light with the intolerable weight on the backs of the proud on the First Terrace of Mount Purgatory (see Canto 13 of Purgatory). One could say that, in moving from theory to praxis, Hgglunds secularity gets a touch religious, burning with correction. what does poi si torno all eterna fontana mean?applications of stepper motor ppt. Poi si torno all' eterna fontana." These are the last words in A Grief Observed. Lewis Scholarship in Christianity & Literature, Tony Marchingtons chemical soot analysis hoax prepared on Hoopers typewriter, Through Joy and Beyond film and seminar tour, February-April, Stephen Schofield launches Canadian C.S. Poi si torno all' eterna fontana" [then towards the eternal fountain turn'd - canto XXXI, Paradiso] After challenging some of Lewis' assertions in the above paragraphs, I want to reiterate that there is still a great deal to love about this book. You could extract its essence and offer it to thirsty young atheists. No direct praise of their wisdom or sanctity could have made us respect them half so much.), In the last paragraph of The Weight of Glory Lewis concludes that we should conduct all our earthly relationships with awe and circumspection. No doubt much will depend on our definitions of atheist and good. But, if Pliny is too antique for Robinson, listen to Montaigne: the Montaigne who professed a nominal Christianity but proceeded as if his formal belief were essentially irrelevant to his daily existence, and perhaps even at odds with it; the Montaigne whose wanton pagan invocation of fortune in his essays provoked Vatican censors. He was able to witness the exchange between his dying wife and a chaplain. And in 1958 he published Reflections on the Psalms, where he said of Psalm 19, I take this to be the greatest poem in the Psalter and one of the greatest lyrics in the world.. Poi si torno eterna fontana (And the she returned to the Eternal Fount) - Dante , quoted by C.S. Juli 2022 . Does it follow that we can say the same of saints and angels? Lewis, A Grief Observed. Lewis's view of death is harsher in Till We Have Faces, a surprisingly feminist work. Nevertheless, it is the living who find no consolation. What does poi si torno all Eterna Fontana mean? Capitalism treats the means of economic life, labor, as though it were the purpose of life. At the end of The Last Battle the children are in Heaven and one of them says, I see world within world, Narnia within Narnia Yes, said Mr. Tumnus, like an onion: except that as you go in and in, each circle is larger than the last. Martin Hgglund argues that rigorous secularism leads to socialism. Ad Choices. Yet that, I believe, is what lies before us. "Poi si torno all' eterna fontana." by Gary M. Votour, MHCA "We are like blocks of stone from which the sculptor carves the forms of men. oleego nutrition facts; powershell import ie favorites to chrome. She smiled, but not at me. It is Dante: Paradisio XXXI, 93. When we ardently hope that the lives of people we love will go on and on, we dont really want them to be eternal. He divided life into what he called the realm of necessity and the realm of freedom. Hello, I know this is a very old conversation, but I thought it would be helpful for other users that might come here in the future if I said something. The idea of eternity, Martin Hgglund argues, destroys meaning and value. We still havent seen that system, and its hard to imagine it, but someone went up the mountain and looked out, and saw the promised land. In fact, his book is in danger of becoming a victim of its own argumentative victories. NIDO Kinder es la leche para nios favorita de las mams y los pequeos de Mxico que los ha acompaado por generaciones gracias a la nutricin y gran calidad que brinda.Presentaciones: Lata de 360, 800, 840, 1500, 1600 y 2200 g. Bolsa con 520 g. Public policy think tank advancing a culture of purpose, creativity, and innovation. Do you love us? what does poi si torno all eterna fontana mean?terraria calamity scythe Get Business Credit and Financing To Grow Your Business!!! Change). Savagely compressed, Hgglunds argument goes something like this: If what makes our lives meaningful is that time ends, then what defines us is what Marx called an economy of time. Marx is, in this sense, probably the most secular thinker who ever lived, the one most deeply engaged with the question of what we do with our time. But . Poi si torno all' eternafontana. fontana nf (oggetto: spruzza acqua) fountain n : La fontana segreta era il luogo di ritrovo preferito degli innamorati. Afterward, Lewis described this experience to his friend Arthur Greeves: [Paradise] has really opened a new world to me. Indeed, Hgglund is unusually weasel-wordy when he concedes that such negotiation will demand an ongoing democratic conversation. Thats putting it optimistically. These are visions of the secular. The Primal Will, goodness itself, never deviates from itself, which is Supreme Good. C. S. Lewis became a believing Christian in 1931, wrote The Pilgrims Regress in 1932, and published it in 1933. In that poem, humans become spectral, and the natural world has the real, everlasting solidity: . In additon to Lewiss overt reference to Dantes Paradise in Letters to Malcolm, there are at least five specific correspondences between the two books that may or may not be significant: (1) In chapter 13 Lewis describes the paradoxical nature of grace in an untitled poem about prayer. There he wrote of that something which you were born desiring: All the things that have ever deeply possessed your soul have been but hints of it tantalizing glimpses, promises never quite fulfilled, echoes that died away just as they caught your ear. Just another site what does poi si torno all eterna fontana mean? I finished This Life in a state of enlightened despair, with clearer vision and cloudier purposeI was convinced, step by step, of the moral rectitude of Hgglunds argument even as I struggled to imagine the political system that might institute his desired revaluation of value. POI is listed in the World's largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms The Free Dictionary Wise, Englands Prince of Bibliographers, exposed, 2The Dark Tower allegedly written by Lewis as sequel to Silent Planet, Publication of The Screwtape Letters makes Lewis a popular author, 2 Mussolinis diary forgery fools the Sunday Times, Publication of C.S. God is just the name we give the self-legislated communal norms (the principles to which the congregation holds itself), and Christ the name we give the beloved agent who animates these norms. I love this book. Lewis tries to imagine what it will be like to reach the true object of our deepest desire. He wants to out religionists as closet secularists. To the wife, daughters and other family members of Deputy Sheriff Jack Dean Werner. Part I of this essay is the introduction of that book. As if aware of such faintheartedness, he ends the book with a beautiful examination of Martin Luther King,Jr.in particular the celebrated last speech he gave, in Memphis. Lewis collection at the Bodleian Library, Glen GoodKnight founds Mythopoeic Society (source of the journal Mythlore), Warren twice challenges Hooper about The Dark Tower s existence, Warren protests Hooper ascendancy in Lewis affairs, Henry Noel founds New York C.S. Lewis Society (source of The Lamp-Post), Anonymous purchase of the Lewis Estate from David and Douglas Gresham, 2 The Dark Tower title story published and explained by Hooper, 2 The Man Born Blind published in The Dark Tower, Fred Paxford denies bonfire story in signed letter, Publication of They Stand Together (attack upon Warren Lewis and double entendre cover), Some Questions in C.S. He is quite a kindly judge; if God should have a reasonable defense for being the god who permits war, poverty, and disease, he is ready to listen to it. Hgglund, who was born and reared in Sweden and now teaches comparative literature at Yale, begins his book by telling us that he returns every summer to the northern-Swedish landscape he knows from his childhood. As man conceives his heaven, so he conceives his God, Feuerbach writes. Start studying ethics final. pet friendly houses for rent in palmer, ak; coleman classic awning; gage county assessor property search; juan luna technique in painting; victoria police chief commissioner salary She said not to me but to the chaplain, 'I am at peace with God.' She smiled, but not at me. John 4:13-14 She smiled, but not at me. In 1931 Lewis had written to Arthur Greeves, I think [Paradise] reaches heights of poetry which you get nowhere else. In 1938 he published Out of the Silent Planet. Poi si torn alleterna fontana. O life of perfect love and peace! He makes a similar point in relation to Buddhism. Put simply, deconstruction proceeds on the assumption that literary texts, like people, have an unconscious that often betrays them: they may say one thing, but they act as if they believe another thing entirely. In Canto 33 Dante said Anyone who sees that Light becomes a person who would not possibly consent to turn away to any other sight; for the good that is the object of all desires is ingathered there in its fullness, and elsewhere it falls short of its perfection., C. S. Lewis delivered his famous sermon The Weight of Glory in 1941, eleven years after first reading Paradise; and The Weight of Glory is like a vivid summary of Dantes most important points in Paradise. There a virtuous pagan soldier named Emeth dies bravely and awakens to find himself in Heaven with the very God he has been taught to oppose. ; ; None of these objections disarm Hgglunds essential argument, which I findhaving been raised in a Christian tradition relentlessly committed to preferring the eternal to the worldlybeautifully liberating. Like many readers, I get anxious when literary academics use the verb negotiate at tricky moments; it forecloses argument, and seldom means actual negotiation. toronto star obituaries deadline; rachaad white recruiting; london legal services; atlanta braves cooperstown hat low profile; britney spears child support 2020; morally grey examples; randy greenstein net worth. Poi si torno all' eternafontana. Its strange that Hgglund, in a book that moves so easily between Hegel and Marx, doesnt mention the German philosopher who bridges those two thinkers, and who wrote more lucidly than either about religion: Ludwig Feuerbach. Luccia lives in sunny Spain, but her heart's in Victorian London. Lewis Journal in Surrey, England, 2 Publication of Hoopers Narnia scraps in Past Watchful Dragons, Hoopers A Bibliography of the Writings of C.S. Or attend to the work and life of Chekhov, the good nonbelieving doctor who asserted that his holy of holies was the human body, the writer whose adulterous characters in The Lady with the Little Dog stop to look at the sea near Yalta and are reminded that their small drama is nothing alongside the waters timeless indifference: And in this constancy, in this complete indifference to the life and death of each of us, there lies hid, perhaps, a pledge of our eternal salvation, of the unceasing movement of life upon earth, of unceasing progress towards perfection. Lewis was a British writer, best known for The Chronicles of Narnia, who was professor of English literature at both Oxford and Cambridge University. Poi si torn all' eterna fontana. A hundred pages or more on Capital, Grundrisse, and the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 might at first seem like an extended session of literary-theoretical self-pleasuring. When she died of bone cancer, Lewis wrote A Grief Observed, his classic 1961 work on mourning and how faith can survive it. how is american identity changed by the 20th century. He has to be knocked silly before he comes to his senses. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Hgglund has no need for a parasitical relationship to the host (which, for instance, contaminates the so-called New Atheism), because hes not interested in disproving the hosts existence. The last paragraph ends with a sentence from Paradise: How wicked it would be, if we could, to call the dead back! Such people, he says, are stating that capitalism is the problem while also stating that capitalism is the solution. The supposed attraction of eternity, Hgglund writes, is that you cannot lose anything there. Religion, you might say, enforces asceticism in the name of the spiritual; capitalism enforces asceticism in the name of the material. Lewis, Apostle to Skeptics by Chad Walsh (first Lewis study), 2 Lewis allegedly writes Finchley Avenue, Joy Davidman Greshams first letter to Lewis, Lewis invites Roger Lancelyn Green to write his future biography, Hooper receives his B.A. He is the judge: God is in the dock. It is not an easy book to listen to, but I believe it could be very helpful for anyone who is working their way through grief because Lewis expresses his grief honestly and eloquently. Lewis at the Breakfast Table, M. J. Logsdon launches The Salinas Lewisian newsletter, = Death of Ruth Pitter (distinguished poet, Lewiss friend ), = Death of Dom Bede Griffiths (old friend of Lewis, dedicatee of Surprised by Joy), = Death of Stephen Schofield (editor of Canadian C.S. The "she" is certainly Beatrice; I think that the eternal fountain is the Divine Presence. Once this glorious idea has taken hold, it is very hard to dislodge. Or at any rate exactly the same? By analogy, he observes, there is no C.S. Lewis for Joy Davidman in heaven and no Joy Davidman for C.S. Lewis. Lewis loved Davidman as an end in herself, Hgglund thinks, only to exchange that love at the last moment for a love of the eternal, making Davidman a means to an end. (At that time his brother Warren was reading Dante.) Nevertheless, it is the living who find no consolation. and enters the United States army, Hoopers first letter to Lewis, expressing appreciation, Lewis accepts chair at University of Cambridge, departs University of Oxford, Lewiss first year at University of Cambridge, Civil marriage of C. S. Lewis and Joy Davidman Gresham in April, Hooper leaves the army and begins graduate studies, Lewiss bedside marriage in March, Joys gradual recovery, Hoopers second letter to Lewis, hoping to meet Lewis someday, Forms of Things Unknown idea appears on cover of American magazine, Hooper leaves Virginia Episcopal Seminary, teaches in a boys boarding school, Hooper begins teaching at the University of Kentucky, Hoopers third and fourth letters to Lewis, requesting a 1963 meeting, 2 Lewis allegedly writes Introductory Letter, Hooper meets Lewis June 7, lives at Exeter College during six-week summer program, Lewiss near-fatal attack July 15 that temporarily deranges him, Hooper begins helping Lewis with correspondence, Lewis allegedly tells Hooper A Grief Observed is fiction, gives him juvenilia, Hooper sorts through Lewiss papers alone in Cambridge in mid-August, Hooper returns to Kentucky in late August, resumes teaching, Hooper arranges to visit Lewis between semesters in January 1964, In January Hooper moves to England, resigns from University of Kentucky, In January Hooper allegedly saves trunkloads of Lewis manuscripts from a three-day bonfire, In mid-February Hooper meets Warren Lewis for the first time, Hooper begins editing C.S. In my opinion, the comforting words of St. James in Canto 25 of Paradise were an assurance to Dante that his pride had been replaced by humility, obviating his need to be cleansed of pride after death.