The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Son of Sukhavarman. Among original compositions in Persian, historical literature easily occupied the first place. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions It is by late Vidwan T.K. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. View Answer The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. The Journal of Asian Studies Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Son of Shankaravarman; ruled with help of his mother Sugandha; Murdered, Brother of Gopalavarman, died soon after ascending the throne. [citation needed], He was the next Sultan of Kashmir. Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[34]. The Tusharas did not give a fight but fled to the mountain ranges leaving their horses in the battle field. Rajatarangini (Sanskrit: Waterway of Kings) recorded a narrative of early India reasonably viewed as awesome and the best work. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. Kalhana also states that this king had adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. After ruling indirectly and directly, Didda (9801003 CE) placed Samgrmarja, son of her brother on the throne, starting the Lohara dynasty. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. Updates? and interdisciplinary publications, both books and journals. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. He stopped the killing of cows by means . Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. Has data issue: true In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era. Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. Sussala's son. It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. [6], No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. the Kambojs The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. Arthashastra , one of the first in the history of Malayalam literature. Book I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir kings into epic legends. An unpopular king, he was killed. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," (Stay up to date on new book releases, reviews, and more with The Hindu On Books newsletter. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. 2 What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? But his traditional conceptual framework, using uncritical assumptions and a belief in the role of the poet as an exponent of moral maxims, makes the idealizing content in his narrative, particularly for the early period, rather dominant. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. He subdued several enemies. [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. In 1380 C.E. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. He called back the Hindus who had left Kashmir during his father reign and allowed building of temples. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas What are three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5 by 7 and 9 by 11? [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. You can try more lenient search to get some results. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. (With his account of the Karkota dynasty, relatively recent at the time he wrote his chronicles, Kalhana's information becomes more consistent with other sources.). But even this account is not fully reliable from a historical point of view. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Rajatarangini can be a metric splendid and verifiable account of the north-western Indian subcontinent, mainly the lords of Kashmir. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. After ruling indirectly and directly. Eventually a Pratapaditya, a relative of Vikrmaditya (not the Shakari) became king (II.6). The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). Copyright 2023, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies.