adam clayton powell ethnicity adam clayton powell ethnicity

Watch a short video about the statue of Adam Clayton Powell Jr. in Harlem. After serving on the council for three years, Powell in 1944 adopted a progressive civil rights platform centered on fair employment in his successful campaign to serve in the House of Representatives, representing Harlems 22nd Congressional district. He is also a senior fellow at the USC Center on Public Diplomacy, and is a member of the Public Diplomacy Council of the United States, of which he served as president from 2015 until 2019. Adam is originated from United States. Powell, who died in 1972 at age 63, was the first African-American elected to Congress from New York and is remembered as a prominent civil rights activist, ladies man and preacher at the. Home; Movies; TV Shows; People. Though born poor Adam Sr. had worked his way up and consequently, Adam Junior grew up in comfortable surroundings. 20072023 Blackpast.org. He was a Black clergyman and author. P000477. In 1908, Powell became pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church in lower Manhattan, New York. He was overwhelmingly popular by Black voters, which garnered him about 90% of the Black vote in Harlem; however, was highly controversial to fellow local leaders. Powell is also a former Democratic member of the New York State Assembly, representing District 68 from 2001 to 2010.Powell's political experience includes being a councilman for the New York City Council. The Dont Buy Where You Cant Work campaign brought awareness to discriminatory hiring practices at the time. The legislation the committee presented to Congress went on to influence the social policies of both the John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson administrations. The documentary Adam Clayton Powell was released in 1989. He rose to prominence as a civil rights activist in Harlem in the 1930s and succeeded his father as pastor of the . The family, which included Powells older sister Blanche, had left Connecticut for New York just six months after his birth. As the senior pastor of Harlem's Abyssinian Baptist Church, Powell led protests against segregation and discrimination during the Great Depression. This book offers a sympathetic and judicious portrait of Adam Clayton Powell (1908-1972), the flamboyant reverend and unapologetically arrogant yet morally principled champion of civil rights. On April 4, 1972, Powell died at the age of 63 of complications from prostate cancer at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, Florida. Under his aegis, the committee passed as many as fifty social and economic bills. In 1957 he also traveled to Ghana to commemorate their independence (to which Martin Luther King was also in attendance). His failure to be present in Congress for roll-call votes became a scandal of its own. In 1893, he became pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was then staying in Bimini. 1. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. : The Political Biography of an American Dilemma by Charles V. Hamilton (1991, Hardcover) at the best online prices at eBay! Adams paternal grandmother was named Sally Clayton Dunning (the daughter of Mildred/Malinda Dunning/Dunnon). In his lawsuit, Powell claimed that his expulsion was unconstitutional as the Constitution mandated a two-thirds vote to expel a member of a Congressional body, a bar the House had failed to meet. Select delivery location Representing the residents of Harlem in the nation's capital for two and a half decades as a forceful advocate for African American causes, he rose steadily in power to become one of America's most influential and effective politicians during the 1960s He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives three years later, representing a newly formed congressional district in Harlem. With this degree, he could pursue the ministry profession, the same career path as his pastor father. New York: Kensington, 2002. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. flourished as an activist, organizing rent strikes, mass actions, and civil rights campaigns against businesses and agencies that engaged in anti-Black discrimination. Adam Clayton Powell, Sr. was born on May 5, 1865, in Franklin County, Virginia to former slaves of African American, Native American, and German ancestry. Who was Esther James? citation-type="booksimple" Throughout his 12 terms from 1945 to 1971, Democrat Clayton Powell represented many New York territories. He was USC's vice provost for globalization from 2007 through 2010. World Technology Award for Media and Journalism,The Economist (1999). Adam Clayton Powell III is executive director of the USC initiative on election cybersecurity, in association with USC's schools of business, engineering, law and public policy and the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences. The two men later resolved their differences. He also ventured into journalism that year, editing and publishing a weekly newspaper called The Peoples Voice, which allowed him to argue against policies such as racial segregation in the military. His father was a Baptist preacher and soon after his birth the family relocated to New York City when his father took over as pastor at the Abyssinian Baptist Church. He was also a writer. With more than 50 years of experience in media and journalism, Adam Clayton Powell III now leads a bipartisan USC initiative providing election cybersecurity training in all 50 states. Powells political force also garnered much controversy when he broke with the Democratic Party to endorse Eisenhower for president because of his dissatisfaction with Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson. Ralph Abernathy: Advisor and Confidante to Martin Luther King Jr. Black History and Women's Timeline: 19001919, Tip O'Neill, Powerful Democratic Speaker of the House, Nyack Sketch Log: Preston Powells Teagevity, Congressional Witness; Yvette Diago Powell, M.A., English and Comparative Literary Studies, Occidental College, B.A., English, Comparative Literature, and American Studies, Occidental College. But Powells detractors took issue with his many federally-funded trips abroad, especially because these visits often resulted in him missing votes. The Act provided federal oversight of voter registration and ensured free election. Powell organized and led a successful protest to increase the number of blacks employed at the 1939 New York Worlds Fair. In 1983, the Harlem State Office building was renamed the Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building. (Public Diplomacy Council, 2006), Reinventing Local News: Connecting Communities through New Technologies, author. The marriage also caused trouble for his congressional career, as Powell put his wife on his payroll despite the fact that she, mostly based in Puerto Rico, performed no actual work for him. At the same time, he had filed a suit against his exclusion, which was ruled upon in Powell vs. McCormack by the Supreme Court in 1969. Previously Powell spent sixteen years at CBS News and at CBS-owned television and radio stations in New York, including as writer for Walter Cronkite for CBS News space coverage; News Director of all-news WINS radio, leading it to be the #1 station in New York; Manager of News Operations for CBS News; Manager of CBS News Special Events and Political Coverage for the 1980 election; and Coordinating Producer of the CBS Morning News with Charles Kuralt. Nittle, Nadra Kareem. The facility is a nineteen story highrise office building located on 125th street and stands as the tallest building in Harlem. Ultimately, Powell emerges as a complex figure. Your donation is fully tax-deductible. His parents also both had European ancestry, including possibly Welsh and German. . Adams maternal grandmother was named Eliza Wilson. Learn more financial transparency. In 1941, Adam Clayton Powell Junior joined politics and was elected to the New York City Council by a huge margin. It sits at the corner of West 125th and Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Blvd. Ohio State Award for a series of reports on Iran for CBS News (1979). Powell displayed a fervent independence, supporting Republican President Eisenhower reelection over the Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. was born on November 29, 1908, in New Haven, Connecticut to Adam Clayton Powell Senior and Mattie Buster Shaffer. He was a productive representative for his constituency and a burr under the saddle of the white establishment, easily re-elected without even campaigning. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.: The Political Biography of an American Dilemma by Hamilton, Charles V. (2001) Paperback: Amazon.com: Books Buy new: $70.88 $3.99 delivery December 29 - January 5. From 1992-1997 he served as New York City Council Member representing East Harlem and parts of the Upper West Side and the South Bronx. While in Congress, Powell served on the Indian Affairs, Invalid Pensions, Education, and Labor committees. Not only did he help create a space where people felt welcomed to practice their faith, but he organized events to help African Americans find jobs. It has a tenant, according to Commercial Observer. An unapologetic activist, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., left his mark on Congress during his 12 terms in the House of Representatives. (Internet Policy Institute, 2000), Lethargy 96: How the Media Covered a Listless Campaign, co-author. Do you find this information helpful? However, the victory was short lived as in 1970 Charles Rangel emerged as a challenger in the Democratic Party. After Rankin made an anti-Semitic statement against journalist Walter Winchell, Powell stood up for him saying, Last week democracy was shamed by the uncalled for and unfounded condemnation of one of Americas great minorities. Adam Jr. graduated from Colgate University in 1930 with a BA degree. He helped secure jobs for black drivers in the citys transportation system. Their marriage produced a son, Adam Clayton Powell IV. It could be seen as symbolic of the anomie that was afflicting the African American community, that soon began afflicting liberalism in general, as a philosophy and political movement. (Freedom Forum, 1997), Demystifying Media Technology, contributor. (Figueroa Press, 2005), Democracy and New Media, contributor. In the meantime, Powell ran for his vacated seat in a special election held in April, and won. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. In 1945, he married Hazel Scot, also a singer. More importantly, and until 1955, he was one of the two black Congressmen in the House. Local Voices/Global Perspectives. Adam C. Powell, IV is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical & Materials Engineering department who joined the WPI faculty in August 2018. She had a son named Preston from her earlier marriage. However, his role was not only limited to the black activism. Adam Clayton married his first wife Isabel Washington in 1933. Such proposals not only angered the southerners, but also embarrassed the liberals. More than 10,000 members joined. Despite his improprieties, he practiced what he preached when he said that, If you believe in a cause, you must be willing to put yourself on the line for that cause.. He not only won the election, but went on to win the subsequent elections as well. Son of a preacher. Ps 153 Adam Clayton Powell is a public elementary school located in New York, NY in the New York City Geographic District # 6 School District. "Biography of Adam Clayton Powell, Congressman and Activist." Schools have also been named after him, including PS 153 in New York City and Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Paideia Academy in Chicago. He was the first person from New York of African American descent to be elected to Congress. That same year he divorced his first wife, Isabel Washington, and married his second, actress and jazz artist Hazel Scott. In mid-1960s, Powell came under heavy criticism for mismanaging his committee's budget and taking trips abroad at public expense. Your donation is fully tax-deductible. His energetic preaching style attracted over 1,500 members. He succeeded his father as the pastor of Harlem's Abyssinian Baptist Church and parlayed the pulpit into a political career. rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); Several books have been written about Adam Clayton Powell Jr. . In 1944, he decided to enter the national political arena and won the nomination of the Democratic Party for a seat in the United States House of Representatives. The increased African American audience led to the idea of creating a newspaper focused on educating readers on civil rights issues, and struggles dark-skinned people face in the United States. Under his leadership, the once small congregation of 25 increased to 600 members. Mini Biography. Almost immediately after he took office, Powell introduced bills to expand civil rights to all Americans, fight segregation, ban lynching, and outlaw the poll tax that prevented many Black voters from taking part in elections. Two years later, he focused on discrimination in the New York City transportation system, initiating a boycott that forced city officials to hire hundreds of blacks to drive bus routes in Harlem for the first time. Adam Clayton Powell IV is the son of the former Congressman and his third wife, Yvette Diago. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. was born on November 29, 1908 in New Haven, CT. He also was fined $40,000.Always a fighter, Powell and 13 of his constituents filed a federal lawsuit against the Speaker and other House officials. He was excluded from the chamber, and the House Democratic Caucus ousted Powell as chair of the Education & Labor Committee due to allegations of corruption.The House of Representatives refused to let him take his seat until the completion of an investigation by a Special Committee empowered by the Judiciary Committee. The couple had a son name Adam Clayton Powell III. In 1930, he graduated from Colgate and immediately enrolled in Columbia University, earning a masters degree in 1931 in religious education. Thus, Powell was able to retake his seat, but he had lost his seniority and his political power.After being re-seated in Congress, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. again was criticized for absenteeism, and in the June 1970 Democratic primary, he was defeated by Charles Rangel. Powell also used informal strategies to fight discrimination, such as bringing black guests to dine with him and ordering his staff to eat in the House restaurant, which was officially whites only. He also was successful in desegregating the press galleries. In the 1950s, Powell attended many international conferences. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. is flanked by reporters, supporters, and onlookers after being accused of misusing government funds, 1967.. Nittle, Nadra Kareem. The Congressman from Harlem refused to pay the judgment against him, which made him subject to arrest. When avowed segregationist John Rankin from Mississippi let it be known that he avoided sitting near the black members, Powell went out of his way to sit close to him whenever possible, commenting that, the only people with whom [Rankin] is qualified to sit are Hitler and Mussolini. Once Powell followed Rankin moving from seat to seat with him five times. Additionally, he encouraged the State Department to promote American pop culture abroad, especially jazz (influenced by his second wife Hazel Scott) as a way to counteract Soviet Union influence internationally. In all, 200 African American workers got jobs. Adam Clayton Powell III was created on July 17, 1946 in NEW YORK, NY, USA. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. was educated in the New York City school system. While commemorating newly independent African an Asian nations from colonizers, communist reporters asked Powell about the abuse of Black people in the United States to which Powell was deeply touched by and noted he was a great example of improving circumstances. As the Chairman of Education and Labor Committee he helped to pass many bills that affected people of every community. Additionally, he refused to pay a fine imposed in the judgment from a 1963 slander suit. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. is a 63 years old Politician from . It was due to his efforts that lynching became a federal crime. This biography effectively chronicles Senator Powell's rise and fall. The next year he resigned as the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church. In another level, he challenged Congressman Ranking for using the word nigger and took his black constituents to dine in the House restaurant, which was unofficially out of bounds for them. In 1961 Powell rose to become chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor. From Power and Love; When Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Met Hazel Scott, Sparks Flew, Powell publicly condemned Rankins comments against Jews and Blacks stating I am not a member of that great minority, but I will always oppose anyone who tries to besmirch any group because of race, creed or color. With such a big following, he started demanding fair job opportunity and affordable housing facilities for the blacks and used ingenious methods to make sure his demands are heard. Executive Director, USC Election Cybersecurity Initiative. His father was a successful clergyman and a dabbler in . Uploaded Files. Powell described his political career as the following, As a member of Congress, I have done nothing more than any other member and, by the grace of God, I intend to do not one bit less. The power of his influence and impact on Black community, other minorities, the country, and presidential policies, is undeniable. Adam Clayton Powell III is executive director of the USC initiative on election cybersecurity, in association with USCs schools of business, engineering, law and public policy and the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences. On November 1, 1937, Powell succeeded his father as pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem. Adams maternal grandfather was named Samuel Buster. Overall, he was a man of the world who was fascinated by culture, language, and foreign policy. In 1983 the Harlem State Office Building was renamed the Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building. The marriage ended in a divorce in 1960. In 1933, Powell married nightclub performer Isabel Washington. Charles V. Hamilton, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.: The Political Biography of An American Dilemma (New York: Athenaeum, 1991); Will Haygood, King of the Cats: The Life and Times of Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1993). The House Judiciary Committee also investigated him and argued that Powell should be fined for misusing government funds and be stripped of his seniority as a congressman. He made speeches on the House Floor celebrating the newly independent Ghana, Indonesia, and Sierra Leone for the purpose of creating awareness on international issues of colonialism. In his role as Abyssinian Churchs assistant minister and business manager, Powell organized a campaign against Harlem Hospital for firing five doctors on the basis of race. Powell Sr. himself passed as white in circumstances of convenience during his lifetime. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., who represented Harlem in the U.S. Congress from 1945 through 1971, was the first modern African American politician and the first Black Congressman to exercise real power in the halls of Washington, D.C. The Mixed Legacy of Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Powell simultaneously faced opposition in the campaign primary from the New York County Democratic organization, whose members were angered by Powell's endorsement of President Eisenhower in 1956. Before his move to Washington in 2010, he was USCs Vice Provost for Globalization, opening new USC facilities in Shanghai and Seoul and supporting USC initiatives worldwide. In 1961, Adam Clayton Powel Jr. became the first black Chairman of the powerful Labor and Education Committee. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. and Lyndon Johnson, Oval Office, White House, June 18, 1965. As pastor, he organized fundraisers to help expand the church as more African Americans moved north during the Great Migration. Powell fought the decision but the recount reiterated the results. A. C. Powell Sr., Minister, 88, Dead. New York Times (June 13, 1953), 15. The mission of Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., Paideia Academy is to provide a. quality education that enhances the development of the whole child. At that time he divorced Isabelle and married world renowned musician and actress Hazel Scott. rcel.async = true; During the 1920s, the church and the Powell family relocated uptown to Harlem. He used his status of chairman of the Coordinating Committee for Employment to put pressure on businesses to hire black employees at high level positions. Additionally, the film was nominated for three NAACP awards. Her reporting focuses education, race, and public policy. Since 2000, Powell has represented the 68th Assembly District, which includes parts of Harlem and East Harlem. For a decade, they remained the countrys only two Black congressmen. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. is portrayed by Harry Lennix who won a Black Reel Award for the role. Powell was a huge supporter of President Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson and benefited from the administrations agendas. Most notably, the biography King of the Cats: The Life and Times of Adam Clayton Powell Jr. by Wil Haygood was published in 1993. children: Adam Clayton Powell III, Adam Clayton Powell IV, Quotes By Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Immediately after the birth of his son, Adam Clayton Powell Sr. became the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, located at Harlem. However, he was deprived of his seniority and also the chairmanship of the committee he headed. Report of the Select Committee Pursuant to H. Res. organizational founder. In 1945, Powell was elected to Congress, becoming New Yorks first Black representative. After the Select Committee reported its findings, in March of 1967 the House voted 307 to 116 to censure Powell and declare his seat vacant. When Powell won a seat in Congress, there was just one other African American in the House of Representatives, William Dawson of Illinois. He died on April 4, 1972 from acute prostatitis. In 1958, the Democratic Party machinery in New York made a strong effort to oust him. Adam by Adam: The Autobiography of Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. New ed. (MIT Press, 2001), Briefing the President: What the Next President of the United States Needs to Know about the Internet, contributor. He is a producer, known for Scandalize My Name: Stories from the Blacklist (1998), Keep the Faith, Baby (2002) and Brown Sugar (1986). Hed been diagnosed with prostate cancer the previous year. 2022 University of Southern California. It was if liberalism set off a cycle of violence both at home, in the ghettos, and abroad, in Vietnam.Soon, Adam Clayton Powell seemed to lose interest. It wasnt until 2005 when the 11-foot bronze sculpture of Powell was installed outside the building. 20072023 Blackpast.org. Powell, Sr. was an early member of the National Association for. Adam Clayton Powell III Net Worth is $18 Million. Thus their voice was never heard. Powell also challenged segregation in the House of Representatives in particular, inviting both his staff and Black constituents to the Whites-only House Restaurant and integrating the press galleries in Congress. The idea was later incorporated in the Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Powell curtailed trips to New York to avoid being incarcerated, and began spending more time in Florida and Bimini, where he lived ostentatiously. US Congress Bio ID. Earlier roles include Vice President/Technology and Programs of the Freedom Forum and the Newseum; Executive Producer at Quincy Jones Entertainment; and Vice President for News and Information programming at National Public Radio. At the age of nineteen, Powell experienced a religious conversion to Christianity at a revival meeting. He represented Harlem, New York City, in the United States House of Representatives from 1945 to 1971. Powell has also written for publications including The New York Times and the Columbia Journalism Review. Nevertheless, Powell easily won the primary in August and the general election in November. As pastor of Abyssinian, he also continued his activism. Powell also succeeded in finally passing anti-lynching legislationa goal that had proved elusive to a number of other African-American politicians for decades. Those who did not had to shut down. In those days the southern states imposed vote tax, which required people to pay a tax at the time of registration. Eventually, the younger Powell would make his mark on the famous church. Since most African American people were too poor to pay such tax, they were effectively disfranchised. He was elected to the New York City Council in 1991 in a special election and served for two terms. During the Great Depression, Powell developed a reputation as a fearless Harlem community activist. Senator Tom Dodd was censured in June 1967 for misusing campaign funds) for the chairman of one of the most powerful committees in Congress to be absent regularly could not be tolerated.Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. won his 11th bid for reelection to Congress in 1966, but when he went to take the oath of office in January 1967, Speaker of the House refused to administer it to him. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., November 29, 1908 - April 4, 1972, was an American politician and pastor who represented Harlem, New York City, in the United States House of Representatives (1945-71). In 1970, Powell lost the Democratic primary election and quit politics. He retired from the Abyssinian Baptist Church and spent much of his remaining time in The Bahamas. Powell was married at the time, and their liaison caused a scandal, although it did not bring down Powell's candidacy. While Adam Clayton Powells heart remained in Harlem, his intellectual curiosity and desires for social justice also took him abroad. The couple later divorced. Enjoy your stay :), Black History Month 2014 2009: In His Words, Celebration & Remembrance 15th Anniversary, USTA NJTL Arthur Ashe Essay & Art Contest, Arthur Ashe Jr Male Sports Scholar Of The Year Award, Csar E. Chvez Department of Chicana and Chicano Studies. Powell was defeated in the Democratic primary. According to Richard F. Fennos Congressmen in Committees, one committee member said, We have been a more productive committee in the last year and a half than the New Deal. Later, he changed his stand and criticized Eisenhower for little action. He also fought against racial segregation and challenged southern practices like voting tax, which deprived the African Americans of their voting rights. Powell adopted him. He was the first person from New York of African American descent to be elected to Congress. began to add up and the House Democratic Caucus stripped him of his chairmanship. During Powell Sr.s tenure, Abyssinian became one of the nations largest churches, making the Powells a very well-known and respected family. "Biography of Adam Clayton Powell, Congressman and Activist." In the 1950s, Powells mission became global, with the lawmaker advocating for Africans and Asians fighting to liberate themselves from European colonial rule. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. was born on November 29, 1908, in New Haven, Connecticut, moving with his parents at the age of six to Harlem, New York City. African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. However, he balanced his concern with enthusiastic defense of the United States and that earned him many friends at home. learning, and fosters high expectations to achieve academic achievement. He served the council till 1945 and continued working for the betterment of the African American population. Wiki Bio of Adam Clayton Powell III net worth is updated in 2023. View Source Suggest Edits Memorial Photos Flowers Maintained by: Find a Grave The death of Adam Clayton Powell Jr., on April 4, 1972, removed from the American scene one of its most colorful and controversial characters. Sally was born in Virginia, and was a free woman of color. BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. Yet, after scaling the summit of power, Powell lost it all, seemingly fatigued by the failure of liberalism to deliver on providing the American Dream to all Americans, regardless of color, and tripped up by his own moral shortcomings.Due to seniority, Powell eventually rose in Congress and in 1961, became chairman of the Education & Labor Committee, one of the critical committees in the House of Representatives. He was the first person from New York of African American descent to be elected to Congress, and he became a powerful national politician. Adam was the son of Mattie F. (Buster) and The Rev. He was also the first African-American to be elected to the Congress from New York. An interesting read: https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Racial+Identity+of+Adam+Clayton+Powell+Jr.%3A+A+Case+Study+in-a0221086340, This works: https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Racial+Identity+of+Adam+Clayton+Powell+Jr.%3A+A+Case+Study+in-a0221086340, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=dowfam3&id=I342751, His paternal grandfather was possibly Llewellyn Powell, a white planter (and likely with Welsh ancestry), Sally Dunning was a free woman of color. He was raised in a family of seventeen children. From this powerful position, he took important steps toward his civil rights and economic goals. Powell was a deeply flawed individual, but the constraints of the "American Dilemma" straightjacket allow virtually no room for any serious exploration of his political creativity, first as a Harlem militant, and then as a social critic, which was more far-reaching than his Congressional activity. Re-elected for nearly three decades, Powell became a powerful national politician of the Democratic Party, and served as . Animals and Pets Anime Art Cars and Motor Vehicles Crafts and DIY Culture, Race, and Ethnicity Ethics and Philosophy Fashion Food and Drink History Hobbies Law Learning and Education Military Movies Music Place Podcasts and Streamers Politics Programming Reading, .