An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________. Neurons generate and conduct electrical impulses called action potentials. Current flows continuously, Local current flows Which type of neurons are used to convey the special senses of sight? a. b. a. High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons. I was doing so well." Two subtypes of motor neurons have been identified: inferior and superior. c. Oligodendrocytes Which of the following IS NOT a description of a neuron? What is the functional neuron type that is the most prevalent in the CNS? your answer. C) biogenic amine b. smooth muscle cells are uninucleated. The synaptic cleft b. ce3z/(4zi)3dz_ce^{3z}/(4z-i)^3dz A. Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons? The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the ________. The principles outlined above can be applied to the neuron and its ionic contents.. d. The person would have dulled senses for some period of time after taking the substance. (a) They conduct impulses. An experimental drug that reduces the release of chemicals that inhibit axon growth may: c. neurotrophins. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? c. enhance the activity of reactive astrocytes. Which of the following statements is true of both membrane potential responses shown in the graphs? glia b.) What functional class of neuron carries impulses away from the CNS to muscles or glands? A substance that directly activates gene transcription is likely acting as a: A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. d. the hypothalamus. Neurotransmitters are chemical signals used as a means of communication. 3. High mitotic rate B. The part of a neuron that sends neurotransmitters into a synapse is called a(n): 6. c. The cerebral cortex includes the cerebellum. The landscaping business for the area totaled about$1,340,000 for the year. Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. Ans: they are mitotic Unli . Neurons can function optimally for over 100 years. It stores energy reserves. Which of the following conducts impulses to an effector? d. Sensory efferent neurons po. Glial scars may impair recovery from brain injury because: . The cells communicate by sending signals between different parts of the brain, and the neurons can interface with gray matter nuclei. D) found in the retina of the eye, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? What are the two(2) functional neuron types that are structurally multipolar neurons? Neurons: C) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. A thirestold potential must be excecded or reached. b. sympathetic nervous system. A) postsynaptic potential They conduct impulses. The human body is made of about 100 billion neurons. The small layer of tissue surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the brain is called: d. Neurons. C) opening of voltage-regulated channels Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, and they generate electrical signals called action potentials, which allow them to quickly transmit information over long distances. Which of the following would NOT be an example of having an activated sympathetic These neurons are inhibitory neurons, meaning they release neurotransmitters that keep other neurons from firing. B) hyperpolarization When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called ________ summation. A. Name two amino acid neurotransmitters, two catecholamines, and two peptides. That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. 30. B) Ions always move passively across membranes. B) Schwann cells The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________. B) innervation of cardiac muscle FUNCTIONS OF ORGANELL NEURONS<br><br>The nerve cell - neuron - is a structural and functional unit of nervous tissue. According to the humidity characteristics of PEMFC, Vinu et al. The latter from the brain to the spinal cord. If an experimental drug produced physiological effects similar to nitric oxide, then a Expert Answer. b. inhibit axon growth. Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? We used embryonic stem cell-derived (H9) human neuronal stem cells . b. Axon and soma 36. The former make connections from the spinal cord to the muscles. D) Ions always move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. c. that a person is genetically male. b. reduce the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. What type of motor neuron stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract by the excitation contraction mechanism? Learn about the neuron diagram, structure, and function. d. tremor. d. support and brace neurons. A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. d. implicit memory. b. Interneurons. Neurons that carry impulses the central nervous system to the muscles or glands are called neurons or motor neurons. Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the myelin sheaths are destroyed. What is the role of calcium in synaptic activity? 59. D) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only, and the muscle contraction would occur, Which of the following neurotransmitters inhibits pain and is mimicked by morphine, heroin, and methadone? Diminished release of acetylcholine from preganglionic sympathetic neurons would: stem c.) muscles d.) osteocytes. True or False, Some neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the receptor. In which area of the neuron is an action potential initially generated? A . Imagine a neuron that has several hundred axonal knobs impinging on it. a) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands b) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles c) sensory and motor neurons t. 1. 6. 62. Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes? - Neurons have one or more long, slender projections called dendrites, which receive electrical impulses from other neurons. The cerebral cortex has features called gyri and sulci. c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. ce3z/(4zi)3dz. Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________. DI) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. The cerebral cortex is located in the forebrain. O They conduct impulses. B) amino acid d . Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) play a vital role in conveying complex information from hair cells to the brainstem (Shrestha et al., 2018).As the injury or degeneration of SGNs is particularly devastating to hearing function, thus the repair of SGNs is of great importance in hearing-related biomedical fields (Petitpre et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2021). C) calcium d. act as transcription factors. c. it increases flow to highly active neurons. e. neurons that innervate smooth muscle are under involuntary control. The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the ________. It is the main component of the nervous system- both the central nervous and peripheral nervous system. Damage to the ________________ could cause changes to one's motivation to eat, such as Which of the following is the mechanism by which these viruses travel from the ganglia (located within the head . . Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte. b. Gliosis A drug that caused someone to make a reckless decision might be affecting the: The person may have constricted pupils. 1. D) astrocytes, Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? In each of the following sentences, circle the phrase following the subject. Which of the following is not a characteristic of ion channels? A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. In general, neurons cannot be replaced if destroyed. b. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles. A) axon conditions in Russian society that led to the Revolution of 1917. lowers the probability of producing an action potential. d. hippocampus. a. basal ganglia Neurons and muscle cells are considered excitable tissues because they do what? 41. A. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. Growing numbers of sodium channels appear spontaneously in the demyelinated fibers so that conduction resumes, even if slower. b. d. Hypothalamus, 37. When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called ________ summation. Classify Neurons by 3 Structures. Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? The basal ganglia act to stabilize voluntary movements. A) Ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels. A) the membrane potential has been reestablished a. Alzheimer's disease. Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells. d. oligodendrocytes fail to myelinate re-growing axons. B) They have extreme longevity.C) They are mitotic. True or False, Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes. c. Myasthenia Gravis. a. Neuronal processes that normally conduct impulses toward neuron cell bodies are called and those that carry impulses away from neuron cell bodies are called. b. control the chemical environment around neurons. c. pons. Even though someone is diagnosed with MS, the axons are not damaged. Integrate. 57. 5. What is a substance released from neurons that influences the sensitivity of neurons to neurotransmitters called? a. medulla. b. a Mendelian disease. Which neurons belong to the efferent pathway? How are women stereotyped by men in Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl? C) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold. A) Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses. David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin, LELCB 1B (28/1) - Collocation review (gap fil. B) afferent neuron 49. B) oligodendrocytes A) short distance hyperpolarization The generation of an action potential in a neuron requires the presence what type of membrane channels? The interior of a neuron is composed of cytoplasm and a gel that is called. d. endothelial cells., 2. Unipolar,Bipolar,Multipolar. a. synapses. Which neurons reside only within the CNS? b. autosomal chromosomes. In this study we evaluated if motor and sensory neurites have a substrate preference for laminin and . c. cause imbalance. A. excitability B. neurotransmitter production C. high energy needs D. capability of mitosis. Myelinated neurons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated neurons because? GABA and glycine are amino acid neurotransmitters; dopamine and norepinephrine are catecholamines; and endorphin and enkephalin are peptide transmitters. A) release nerve growth factor The concentration of __ is higher outside than inside the cell. What are the neuron functions for the peripheral nervous system? The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. Saltatory propagation occurs in _________ axons, in which action potentials _________. C) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory, causing hyperpolarization of the membrane. a. interneuron. d. hypothalamus. C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells. D) moves membrane potential away from threshold. C. Afferent. b. the structure is closer to the midline of the brain. In the discussion section the authors wrote "In this study, we observed that different paradigms of tES application could ameliorate motor function impairments in ICH induced by collagenase administration into the striatum of rats.". Some neuroglia remove debris and foreign material from the nervous system. D) tracts, The term central nervous system refers to the ________. d. it fills spaces in the brain. d. prefrontal cortex. 26. Which of the following are afferent neurons, relative to the central nervous system? B. Myelin prevents the conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. The greater the density of spines along dendrites, the greater a neuron's: 5. a) axons b) dendrites c) Schwann cell d) cell body, Which of the following forms myelin in axons at PNS? Explain why some forms of MS are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of smooth muscle? B) cholinesterase alternations to DNA sequences? The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons. 11. specific or different from others in some way that they do not have. a. Mitochondria in a neuron would no longer function. A toxin that destroyed the presynaptic terminal on an axon would likely: 7. A) astrocytes depolarized to Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic division? (a) Cell body (b) Dendrites (c) Axon (d) All of the above are structural features of a neuron. A patient is admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). a. the person had neurons that did not form correctly during neural development. b. medulla. a. Basal ganglia A) a change in sodium ion permeability a. the hippocampus. taking the substance. d. the person has a history of drug abuse. A drug that increases appetite would likely affect: Which of the following are the cells of nervous tissue? b. procedural memory. b. auditory information. a. d. None of these are correct. described as having a word on the tip of your tongue, might have abnormal functioning in the: The following is a list of characteristics of neurons: - Neurons are cells that specialized in the transmission of electrical impulses. d) There, In order for skeletal muscle cells to contract, they must be excited by motor neurons. True or False, The action potential is caused by permeability changes in the plasma membrane. response? a. They control, in this way, from the movement of an arm, thoughts and even feelings through electrical signals that are called nerve impulses. 2 introduce new . 47. 31) Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. Serotonin is a biogenic amine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the brain, where it plays a role in emotional behavior and helps to regulate the biological clock. a. hippocampus Which of the following types of glial cells monitors the health of neurons, and can transform into a special type of macrophage to protect endangered neurons? ______________ are chemicals that promote the growth and development of neurons. 80. a. other neurons b. muscles c. glands d. all of the above, All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons EXCEPT: a. Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps. When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. In this issue, Zhao et al. c. they form an insulating material around axons. B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell a. Pons a. pituitary gland. Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of impulse propagation, or conduction velocity, along an axon? A) They conduct impulses. B) amplitude of various sizes d. astrocytes. A) nuclei Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue (s). Conduct chemo-electrical impulses. d. inferior colliculus. Hint. Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane and allows ions to diffuse across the membrane. What effect might a disease that destroyed oligodendrocytes have on neuronal function? 1. (b) Ordinary tungsten incandescent lightbulbs used in households are filled with argon gas at about 0.5 atm to retard the sublimation of the tungsten filament. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE REGARDING UMNS ? a. sodium b. chloride c. calcium d. potassium, A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is call a(n) _____. A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. a. Axons b. Neurons c. Neuroglia d. Synapses e. Type A fibers, Which of the following parts of a neuron contain excitable membranes? 19. d. touch information. Classify neurons according to their structure. Identify the neuron type described: Two functional neuron types that are structurally multipolar neurons. adjacent axon segment. a) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses via continuous conduction. (a) They conduct impulses. Methods: Participants were prospectively enrolled . Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit? d. neuromuscular junctions. D) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. d. the structure is anterior to the area. Which division of your nervous system is generating this response? c. Astrocytes b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. innervation of skeletal muscle. B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. The GBA gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). c. neurons. 3 special characteristics of neurons. c. a Mendelian disease. C) ganglia C) oligodendrocytes A) motor neurons Discover and discuss the meaning of dendrites, axon, membrane polarization, membrane depolarization, and synapses. B) short distance depolarization D) control the chemical environment around neurons Expert Answer. c. the thalamus. (a) Fluorescent lightbulbs contain a small amount of mercury, giving a mercury vapor pressure of around 1*10^(-5) atm. b) Myelin prevents conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. Neurons are a type of cell and are part of the nervous system. d. improve recovery from traumatic brain injury. 2.Motor. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. certain disorder would most likely investigate which of the following? Oligodendrocytes form and maintain the blood-brain barrier. B) nerves What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? Neurons that lie between sensory neurons and motor neurons are called ________. The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for rigorous activity. Potentials that are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized are called ________ potentials. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of nervous tissue in the brain a. the somatic nervous system. d. pituitary gland. The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. A chemical messenger that does not directly cause ESPSs or IPSPs but does affect the strength of synaptic transmission is a ________. A. Transcribed image text: Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? a. increase the activity of reactive astrocytes. Identify the neuron type described: A functional neuron type most prevalent in the CNS. D. axon hillock. 42. c. synapses. 60. B. Skeletal muscles store nutrient reserves. 58. Which nervous system was the drug most depression would be an example of: 66. Contains lymphatic vessel. b. oligodendrocytes. a. epigenetics. Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. It impacts your spinal cord and the nerves that transmit and receive messages between your brain and the rest of your body. O They generate very fast O They are long when compared to other cells in the body O They help carry oxygen to different body parts O They do not have a nucleus. (1991) finds that the CA1 neuron exhibits trains of action potentials when a small current (< 1 nA) is applied to the soma, but a full calcium spike and burst followed by trains of action potentials when the same small current is applied to .