Shi M, Jevremovic D, Otteson GE, Timm MM, Olteanu H, Horna P: Single antibody detection of T-cell receptor alpha beta clonality by flow cytometry rapidly identifies mature T-cell neoplasms and monotypic small CD8-positive subsets of uncertain significance. An internal organ may or may not be a little bigger or a little smaller than normal but this is insignificant and no cause for worry. Available online through https://www.lls.org. and transmitted securely. Discussion. ARUP Consult [On-line information]. . Am J Med. Lymphoid markers expression was documented in 47.9% of the 192 AML cases analyzed. No significant immunophenotypic abnormality was detected by flow cytometry. Pagana, K. D. & Pagana, T. J. [Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma--possible existence of a new clinical entity originating from the third lineage of lymphoid cells]. ASCUS stands for Atypical Cells of Undetermined Significance,and basically means there were mild cellular changes and the the cause in unknown. info@integrityaesthetic.ph. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Copyright 2014 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. 19952023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Disclaimer. Each persons condition will be unique. Leukemic myeloblasts expressed many leukocyte differentiation antigens, thus reflecting association with myeloid lineage and maturation level. Rahul E, Ningombam A, Acharya S, Tanwar P, Ranjan A, Chopra A. Before . Rosado FG, Morice WG, He R, Howard MT, Timm M, McPhail ED: Immunophenotypic features by multiparameter flow cytometry can help distinguish low grade B-cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation from plasma cell proliferative disorders with an unrelated clonal B-cell process. ( 2011). To help diagnose and classify a leukemia or lymphoma; to help guide treatment; to aid in determining prognosis; to detect and evaluate leukemia or lymphoma cells that remain after treatment or at disease relapse, When you have signs and symptoms that a health care practitioner thinks may be due to leukemia or lymphoma; to help classify the type of leukemia or lymphoma, identify treatment options, and predict the likely course of the disease; to evaluate whether treatment has been effective or detect disease that remains or comes back after treatment (relapse or recurrence). Usually, 20 mL of pleural or peritoneal fluid is sufficient. The referring physician or pathologist will be contacted to confirm the addition of any of these tests. Leuk Res. First, the CD45/linear side scatter gating of flow cytometry allows the initial identification of neoplastic subpopulations for additional immunophenotypic analysis in half of ANKL cases. The site is secure. Hu X, Yang Y, Chen L, Wan Y, Sheng L, Bao Y, Zheng M. Am J Transl Res. 1985 Aug 29;313(9):539-44 2021 Oct 15;13(10):12006-12015. eCollection 2021. Accessed April 2011. If no abnormalities are detected by the initial panel, no further flow cytometric assessment will be performed unless otherwise indicated by specific features of the clinical presentation or prior laboratory results. (Keren D, McCoy JP, Carey J: Flow Cytometry in Clinical Diagnosis. Large granular lymphocytic leukemia: a brief review. CD13 and CD16 Expressionon Maturing Granulocytes. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping may be performed on blood, bone marrow, or other samples to provide this additional information. Available online at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207631-overview. Available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2954680/. For bone marrow testing, if cytogenetic tests are desired along with this test request, an additional specimen should be submitted. As the number of abnormal cells increase in a lymph node, the size of the lymph node increases. Stay up to date with the latest news and information from Testing.com by subscribing to our newsletter. In this interview, AZoM speaks to Rohan Thakur, the President of Life Science Mass Spectrometry at Bruker, about what the opportunities of the market are and how Bruker is planning on rising to the challenge. For solid tissue specimens, order LLPT / Leukemia/Lymphoma Immunophenotyping, Flow Cytometry, Tissue. American Cancer Society. Accordingly, a score of 0.5, 1 or 2 was given when the value obtained for . The triage panel also includes antibodies to assess the number of CD3-positive T cells and CD16-positive/CD3-negative natural killer (NK) cells present. This technique also helps identify or confirm the cell of origin in non-hematopoietic neoplasia. It can detect normal cells as well as abnormal cells whose pattern of markers are typically seen with specific types of leukemia and lymphoma. 122 cases were also subjected to karyotype analysis by Gbanding technology and abnormal karyotypes were detected in 69 out of 122 patients. Jevremovic D, Dronca RS, Morice WG, et al: CD5+ B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: Beyond chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma. National Cancer Institute [On-line information]. Bookshelf Blood Tests. 2. Am J Blood Res. Overall, del(13q14) and +12 were the most common abnormalities (39%), whereas del(11q13), del(17p13), and del(6q23) were detected only in 3, 1, and 0 cases, respectively. Although diagnosticcriteria are well established, a No immunophenotypicmyeloid abnormalitieswere detectedin the healthy donor bone marrow aspirates or in the 10 remission bone marrow aspirates from patients with a history of nonmyeloid neoplasia Table 3, As mentioned, the immunophenotypicpanels used evolved during the study, and not all antigens In general, these criteria involved identification of abnormal expression or loss of antigens in B- and T-lineage populations. Map Of Southern Maine And New Hampshire, Am J Clin Pathol. Szary syndrome with multiple immunophenotypic aberrancies in tumor cells. Immunophenotyping is widely used for the following reasons: Two types of tests are used in immunophenotyping: The choice of test is based on the type of sample: Heres a brief overview of the two types of test methods: In flow cytometry, the sample may range from blood, fluids in the body cavity (such as peritoneal or pleural fluids), bone marrow, or solid tissues in liquid media. Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping Is Sensitive for the Early Diagnosis of De Novo Aggressive Natural Killer Cell Leukemia (ANKL): A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis. Available online at https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/3287. Do not aliquot. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. -. Copyright 2013 Integrity Aesthetic & Wellness Center. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). ( 19952011). Available online at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html. the immunophenotyping panels should be performed. These abnormalities were related to immunophenotypic markers as This study prospectively analysed the relationships between immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of blast cells in 432 acute non-lymphoblastic leukemias (ANLL) at presentation. The volume of fluid necessary to phenotype the lymphocytes or blasts in serous effusions depends upon the cell count in the specimen. These antibodies were often linked with a fluorescent or a chemical indicator that would make these abnormal cells visible when observed under a microscope. As mentioned, the immunophenotypic panels used evolved during the study, and not all antigens were studied in the entire MDS patient group . No immunophenotypic myeloid abnormalities were detected in the healthy donor bone marrow aspirates or in the 10 remission bone marrow aspirates from patients with a history of nonmyeloid neoplasia (Table 3). An abnormal karyotype was detected in 232 cases (54%). Viability 7AAD: 99%. Would you like email updates of new search results? Immunophenotyping detects the presence or absence of antigens found on the surface or interior of blood cells. Immunophenotypic analysis is an established tool in the diagnosis and classification of many hematolymphoid disorders; however, the role of flow cytometry (FC) in detecting bone marrow involvement during the staging of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has yet to be defined. (33%) and in 15 of 17 (v)SAA patients (88%). This can happen spontaneously. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection progresses to aggressive NK cell leukemia with a poor prognosis. The site is secure. J Adv Pract Oncol. 2018 Jun 1;128(6):2519-2534. doi: 10.1172/JCI97053. Before Front Oncol. Am J Clin Pathol. Blood Journal v111 (8) [On-line information]. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 1985 Aug 29;313(9):534-8 The granulocytes (67% of the total white blood cells) and monocytes (5% of the total white blood cells) reveal no significant immunophenotypic abnormalities. It depends. Specific features were seen in five ANLL entities: M0 or M1/B lineage antigen positivity/t(9;22) or del(11)(q23); M2/CD13-/t(8;21); M4/CD13+, CD34+, CD36+/inv(16); M4 or M5/lack of B lineage antigen/del(11)(q23) or t(9;11). 2015 May;169(3):368-376. doi: 10.1111/bjh.13303, 5. Third, the clonality of ANKL cells could be identified using antibodies against CD158a/h, CD158b, or CD158e. This study prospectively analysed the relationships between immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of blast cells in 432 acute non-lymphoblastic leukemias (ANLL) at presentation. Cytogenetic FISH Studies: -CCND1/IGH translocation t(11;14), to exclude mantle cell lymphoma in cases of CD5+CD23- B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. low reading R03.1 . al. According to the immunophenotype, MBL is labeled as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-like (75% of cases), atypical CLL, and CD5-negative. (Updated 2014 March 23). PDF available for download at https://jama.ama-assn.org/content/301/4/452.full.pdf. Background Myeloid Sarcoma with monocytic differentiation is rare and quite likely is missed by surgical pathologists. 1. Abnormal immunophenotype profiles are usually present in: The following summarizes markers that are often expressed in certain types of cells: The following summarizes markers that suggest certain types of cell differentiation: T-lymphocyte subset analysis based on CD3, CD4 and CD8 expression is performed separately to monitor people with HIV/AIDS, for example. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. These antigens are protein structures found on or within WBCs. If the CT scan said that there are no significant abnormalities it means that nothing out of the ordinary was noted. Specimen must arrive within 96 hours of collection. Two atypical human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) that exhibited unusual genotypic and in situ immunophenotypic abnormalities are described. Leuk Lymphoma. These antigens are also used by the newer myeloma drugs to identify specific cancer cells. Cheriyedath, Susha. This is the most common type of abnormal Pap smear. Accessed December 2014. This test will be processed as a laboratory consultation. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Accessed April 2011. Immunophenotype is a key parameter that is very valuable in predicting response to treatment as well as survival rates. Having a predilection for the right side of the heart and accounting for 1% of all cardiac tumours, the difficulty in diagnosing the lesion, owing to the location and vague presenting symptoms and signs, often leads to delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. There is increasing evidence of T cell dysfunction in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) which may contribute to the aetiology and progress of the disease. These tests may suggest lymphoma or leukemia, but more information is generally needed to confirm a diagnosis and to identify a specific type of leukemia or lymphoma. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping performed on this bone marrow specimen demonstrated a small polytypic plasma cell population with no immunophenotypic abnormalities except the anticipated CD38 negativity due to the effect of daratumumab. 2018 Oct;17(10):2226-2237. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-18-0426. There is no diagnostic immunophenotypic evidence of a lymphoproliferative disorder or abnormal myeloblast proliferation in . 2019 Mar;96(2):99-115. doi: 10.1002/cyto.b.21768, 4. Accessibility D20S108 (20q12), used to detect deletion/copy number abnormalities of chromosome 20, reveals an abnormal hybridization pattern consistent with deletion 20q12 in 12 of 200 analyzed nuclei. This abnormal protein is known by several different names, including monoclonal immunoglobulin, monoclonal protein (M protein), M spike, or paraprotein. Accessed January 2020. Its performance characteristics were determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. By junio 4, 2022 masonry pilaster details junio 4, 2022 masonry pilaster details News-Medical, viewed 04 March 2023, https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Immunophenotyping.aspx. Accessed April 2011. Type and frequency of immunophenotypic alterations detected on PB platelets from MDS patients (n = 44) versus normal control subjects (n=20). Abnormal patterns of expression for at least one antigen was found in 91% of RA/RARS cases and in 74% of RAEB. None of the tested antigens were linked to treatment outcome. Novel Biological Insights and New Developments in Management of Burkitt Lymphoma and High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma. Retrieved on March 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Immunophenotyping.aspx. Antibodies are made up of chains of protein : 2 long (heavy) chains and 2 shorter (light) chains. By Samuel Pirruccello. Diagnostic Value of Flow Cytometry in Cases with Myelodysplasia. Epub 2021 Sep 14. The results may also be used to predict how aggressive the cancer will be and/or whether it will respond to certain treatment. Mature B cells are normally positive for CD20 but not CD34. Wittwera, C. and Brown, M. (2000). TdT and PAX5 were performed in five of the seven patients with ABLB detected by FC. While in other B-NHL subtypes, such as MZL and LPL, the light-chain restriction is the only abnormality detected by FC. ( 2006). This study examines the immunohistologic profiles of a large series of histologically proven benign and malignant lymphoproliferative processes in order to define immunophenotypic criteria useful in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. You may have (or lack) certain antigens that are typically seen, yet you may still be diagnosed with a specific type of leukemia or lymphoma. Web: mayocliniclabs.com: Email: mcl@mayo.edu: Telephone: 800-533-1710: International: +1 855-379-3115: Values are valid only on day of printing For the individual abnormalities detected for each of the 27 immunophenotypic variables analyzed, a score was defined. Immunophenotyping, a common application in flow cytometry, allows multiple cell surface markers to be simultaneously characterized on a per-cell basis.Immunophenotyping can be difficult by flow cytometry, however, when only a small number of cells are available. 1985 Oct;79(4):445-54. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90031-2. Trisomy 12 is the second most frequent aberration detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization at the time of diagnosis (10-25%), and it confers an . Accessed January 2020. Of 19 . The .gov means its official. Frequent CD7 antigen loss in aggressive natural killer-cell leukemia: a useful diagnostic marker. Immunocytochemistry is, however, limited by the quality and number of smears as one antibody is applied to one smear. Hanson CA: Acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. An official website of the United States government. Last, the positive rate of Ki-67 expression in ANKL cells was generally high. Sources: Serous effusions, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, abdominal (peritoneal) fluid. Quest Diagnostics [On-line information]. Positive Ph status was the sole abnormality in 19 patients (32%) and was associated with other abnormalities in 43 patients (73%). Patients with full expression of panmyeloid phenotype expressed all five myeloid markers, had a higher complete remission rate, and were significantly different in overall and disease-free survival than those whose expressed <5 of the myeloid markers. Pertinent clinical history including reason for testing or clinical indication. The synergistic proapoptotic effect of PARP-1 and HDAC inhibition in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is mediated via Blimp-1. Careers. How Is Childhood Leukemia Diagnosed? doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158827. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping may be ordered when you have an increased number of lymphocytes (or sometimes an increase in another type of white blood cell, WBC), anemia, a decreased platelet count, or immature WBCs that are not normally seen in the blood. 1. Kruglov O, Johnson LDS, Minic A, Jordan K, Uger RA, Wong M, Sievers EL, Shou Y, Akilov OE. If no abnormalities are detected by the initial panel, no further flow cytometric assessment will be performed unless otherwise indicated by specific features of the clinical presentation or prior laboratory results. It depends. Flow cytometry is generally used to determine cell lineage in leukemia and lymphoma. (+632) 7110427 | (+632) 7110383 Integrity Aesthetic Building, 788 Banawe Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines info@integrityaesthetic.ph Bookshelf bumgarner funeral home obituaries no immunophenotypic abnormalities detected. This process is widely used to diagnose different types of lymphoma and leukemia by comparing normal cells and cancer cells. Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Inhibition Leads to AML Cell Differentiation and Cell Death. 8600 Rockville Pike However, treatment with chemotherapy may eliminate the abnormal cells, and if treatment is successful, normal white blood cells (WBCs) will replace abnormal cells. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Epub 2009 Sep 24. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the -TCL-1 break-apart at 14q32, to exclude T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia in cases with CD4-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (phenotypic aberrancy or very tight CD4+ population with high CD4:CD8 ratio). 8600 Rockville Pike Jaffe, E. et. Immunophenotyping is a test used to identify cells on the basis of the types of markers or antigens present on the cells surface, nucleus, or cytoplasm. Available online at https://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/111/8/3941.full. Leukemia & Lymphoma Society [On-line information]. (2013 December 11). Accessed April 2011. Integrity Aesthetic Building, 788 Banawe Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines "What is Immunophenotyping?". It can be used for identifying the lineage of the cell in smears of tissues with suspected lymphoma or histocytic sarcoma. Miao Y, Zhang J, Chen Q, Xing L, Qiu T, Zhu H, Wang L, Fan L, Xu W, Li J. J Immunol. [On-line information]. Application of immunophenotypic analysis in distinguishing chronic myelomonocytic leukemia from reactive monocytosis. The screening panel will be charged based on the number of markers tested (FIRST for first marker, ADD1 for each additional marker). A ONECARE MEDIA COMPANY. In: McClatchey KD, ed. Abstract. An original cytospin preparation (preferably unstained) must be included with the spinal fluid specimen so correlative morphologic evaluation can occur. Medeiros BC, Kohrt HE, Arber DA, Bangs CD, Cherry AM, Majeti R, Kogel KE, Azar CA, Patel S, Alizadeh AA. It is important that the specimen be obtained, processed, and transported according to instructions for the other test. Report will include a morphologic description, a summary of the procedure, the percent positivity of selected antigens, and an interpretive conclusion based on the correlation of the clinical history with the morphologic features and immunophenotypic results. Earlier studies demonstrated that flow cytometric abnormalities are detected in multiple lineages (3-6) and correlate with morphology and cytogenetics (4,6). In agreement with previous studies, no immunophenotypic features (other than monocytic differentiation) predicted the presence of an 11q23 rearrangement. 4th ed. PMC Correlation assay showed that t(8;21) was only present in 16 AMLM2 patients, and strongly . Among B-lineage populations the following features were associated with malignant histology: 1) light-chain-restricted B lineage, 2) light chain -B lineage, 3) Leu-1+ B lineage, 4) L60+ B lineage, 5) 41H+, Ki-67+ B lineage, 6) loss of pan-B antigens, and 7) LFA-1-B lineage. Liendo C, Danieu L, Al-Katib A, Koziner B. News-Medical. Among T-cell populations outside the thymus, phenotypes associated with malignancy included 1) loss of pan-T antigens (including loss of the beta chain of the T-cell antigen receptor), 2) coexpression or loss of T-subset antigens, 3) Leu-6+ T-lineage, and 4) MB-1+ T lineage. If no abnormalities are detected by the initial panel, no further flow cytometric assessment will be performed unless otherwise indicated by specific features of the clinical presentation or prior laboratory results. They do not die at a normal rate, so they accumulate in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, or other tissues. It has become a common technique for the identification and classification of acute leukemias, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In fact, these two markers are not normally expressed together. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The present results further confirm that IGH@ rearrangement is not a rare genomic abnormality in B-CLL, and also show both that t(14;19)(q32;q13.2) is the most common cytogenetic change involving IGH@ rearrangement detected by FISH in B-CLL and that IGH@ rearrangement is correlated with CD38 expression. Would you like email updates of new search results? Accessed January 2020. Grave Encounters What Happened To Kenny, This case suggested that chromosomal alterations may precede morphological, flow cytometric and clinical changes and accelerate progression of the disease. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Lamb, A. et. Methods: Morphologic evaluation, flow cytometry immunophenotypic studies . 2022 Feb 15;12(1):17-32. eCollection 2022. The third parameter for assessing dysplasia by flow cytometry is maturation pattern of granulocytes on CD13/CD16 plot. Immunophenotyping is widely used to identify and classify AML. with these terms and conditions. It is also suggested to have prognostic significance [ 2]. This panel, together with the provided clinical history and morphologic review, is used to determine what, if any, additional testing is needed for disease diagnosis or classification. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Blood Tests. Flow leukemia can be used in the case of an extensive range of leukemias that could be myeloid or lymphoid. In addition, reflex testing may occur to fully characterize a disease state or clarify any abnormalities from the screening test. Remaining blood/bone marrow:14 days; Remaining fluid, 7 days, spinal fluid cell and differential counts, Serous effusions, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, abdominal (peritoneal) fluid. Initial evaluation of . Wu, A. These plasma cells are negative for CD19. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. 2015 Sep-Oct;6[5]:435-440. doi: 10.6004/jadpro.2015.6.5.4). Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Bahler, D. (Updated 2011 February). The dysplastic features are not unique for AML-MRC, but can be also detected in other hematopoietic diseases, such as MDS (Wu et al., 2013). Evaluating lymphocytoses of undetermined etiology, Identifying B- and T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving blood and bone marrow Distinguishing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Immunologic subtyping of ALL Distinguishing reactive lymphocytes and lymphoid hyperplasia from malignant lymphoma Distinguishing between malignant lymphoma and acute leukemia Phenotypic subclassification of B- and T-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia Recognizing AML with minimal morphologic or cytochemical evidence of differentiation Recognizing monoclonal plasma cells, Identifying B- and T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving blood and bone marrow, Distinguishing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Immunologic subtyping of ALL Distinguishing reactive lymphocytes and lymphoid hyperplasia from malignant lymphoma Distinguishing between malignant lymphoma and acute leukemia Phenotypic subclassification of B- and T-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia Recognizing AML with minimal morphologic or cytochemical evidence of differentiation Recognizing monoclonal plasma cells, Distinguishing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Immunologic subtyping of ALL Distinguishing reactive lymphocytes and lymphoid hyperplasia from malignant lymphoma Distinguishing between malignant lymphoma and acute leukemia Phenotypic subclassification of B- and T-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia Recognizing AML with minimal morphologic or cytochemical evidence of differentiation Recognizing monoclonal plasma cells, Distinguishing reactive lymphocytes and lymphoid hyperplasia from malignant lymphoma Distinguishing between malignant lymphoma and acute leukemia Phenotypic subclassification of B- and T-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia Recognizing AML with minimal morphologic or cytochemical evidence of differentiation Recognizing monoclonal plasma cells, Distinguishing reactive lymphocytes and lymphoid hyperplasia from malignant lymphoma, Distinguishing between malignant lymphoma and acute leukemia Phenotypic subclassification of B- and T-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia Recognizing AML with minimal morphologic or cytochemical evidence of differentiation Recognizing monoclonal plasma cells, Distinguishing between malignant lymphoma and acute leukemia, Phenotypic subclassification of B- and T-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia Recognizing AML with minimal morphologic or cytochemical evidence of differentiation Recognizing monoclonal plasma cells, Phenotypic subclassification of B- and T-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia, Recognizing AML with minimal morphologic or cytochemical evidence of differentiation Recognizing monoclonal plasma cells, Recognizing AML with minimal morphologic or cytochemical evidence of differentiation.
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